Biology Notes Class 11th 12th

That’s also why leaves look green — much of the green light is reflected or transmitted rather than absorbed. Flat 50% off Use Code - IND50 https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.biology.notes.locasip

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✤ Terminologies in Wave Motion - ➷ Amplitude ➷ Period ➷ Wavelength ➷ Frequency ➷ Wave velocity ➷ Phase or phase angle (O) ➷ Phase difference ➷ Path difference ➷ Time difference ★ Amplitude (A): The amplitude of a wave is the maximum displacement of any particle of the medium from its equilibrium position. ★ Period (T): Period (T) of a wave is the time taken by any particle of the medium to complete one vibration during a period (T). ★ Wavelength (λ): Wavelength (λ) is equal to the distance between two consecutive particles of the medium which are in the same state of vibration it is equal to the distance travelled by the wave by its time period (T). ★ Frequency (f): It is the number of vibrations made per second by any particles of the medium (f = 1/T). Since the frequency of a wave is a characteristic property of the source which is producing the wave motion, hence, the frequency of a wave does not change when a wave travels from one medium to another medium. ★ Phase or Phase Angle (Φ): It represents the state of vibration of the particle of a medium with respect to its mean position. ★ Phase Difference Δ(Φ): It represents the different state of vibration of a particle at two different instants (or) any pair of particles at the same instant. ★ Wave Velocity (v): It is the distance travelled by the wave in one second (v = λ/T). It is determined by the mechanical properties of the medium through which join for more https://whatsapp.com/channel/0029Va9492L3QxRv5MtNFF0Y

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💢 SCIENTIFIC🔬🧬 NAME 💢 1. Man - Homo sapiens 2. Paddock - Rana Tigrina 3. Cat - Felis Domestica 4. Dog - Canis Families 5. Cow - Boss Indicus 6. Buffalo - Bubalis Bubalis 7. Bull - Boss Primitive Tars 8. Goat - Kepta Hitamus 9. Sheep - Ovi's Arise 10. Pig - Susphroca domestica 11. Lion - pantheon Leo 12. Tiger - Panthera tigris 13. Cheetah - Panther Pardus 14. Bear - Ursus matitimus carnivera 15. Rabbit - Orictolegus cuniculus 16. Deer - Cervus elaphus 17. Camel - Camelus Domedarius 18. Vixen - Canidae 19. Langur - Hominodia 20. Reindeer - Ruservus duvacelli 21. Fly - Masca Domestica 22. Mango - Magnifera indica 23. Paddy - Oriya Sativat 24. Wheat - Tricticum aestivium 25. Peas - Pisum Sativium 26. Mustard - Brassica Compastories 27. Peacock - Pavo Christace 28. Elephant - Ephilas indica 29. Dolphin - Platenista Ganketica 30. Lotus - Nelumbo nucifera Garten 31. Banyan - Ficus Bandhalensis 32. Horse - Equus Cabellas 33. Sugarcane - Sugarcane Officium 34. Onion - Allium Sepia 35. Cotton - Gasipeum 36. Peanut - Arachis 37. Coffee - Coffea Arabica 38. Tea - Thia sinensis 39. Angur - Vitius 40. Turmeric - I will take crisp 41. Maize - Jia table 42. Tomato - Lycopresican esculentum 43. Coconut - Cocoa Nucifera 44. Apple - Melas pumia / Domestica 45. Pear - Pyrus couminis 46. ​​Saffron - Crocus sativius 47. Cashew - Anacardium aromaticum 48. Carrot - Dakas carota 49. Ginger - Jinjibar Officinal 50. Cauliflower - Brassica oleracea ⑉⑉⑉⑉⑉⑉⑉⑉⑉⑉༄༄༄⑉⑉⑉⑉⑉⑉⑉⑉⑉⑉ 🤗MUST SHARE WITH FRIENDS https://whatsapp.com/channel/0029Va9492L3QxRv5MtNFF0Y

🔰Carbon and its Compounds🔰 ✍️ Introduction ➖Carbon plays very important roles for all living beings. ➖The amount of carbon in the earth’s crust is merely 0.02%, which is available in the form of minerals such as carbonates, hydrogen-carbonates, coal, and petroleum. ➖The presence of carbon in the atmosphere of the earth is 0.03%, in the form of carbon dioxide. ✍️ Compounds of Carbon ➖Almost all carbon compounds (except a few) are poor conductors of the electricity. ➖The diamond and graphite both are formed by carbon atoms; however, the difference lies between them in the manner in which the carbon atoms are bonded to one another. ➖In diamond, each atom of the carbon, is bonded to four other carbon atoms and form a rigid three-dimensional structure. ➖In graphite, each atom of the carbon, is bonded to three other carbon atoms in the same plane, which gives a hexagonal array. ➖There is also difference in some physical structure of diamond and graphite. ➖Diamond is the hardest substance known whereas graphite is smooth and slippery substance. ➖Graphite is good conductor of electricity whereas diamond is not. ➖The compounds, which has identical molecular formula, but different structures, are known as structural isomers. ➖The saturated hydrocarbons are known as alkanes. ➖The unsaturated hydrocarbons, which comprise of one or more double bonds, are known as alkenes. ➖The unsaturated hydrocarbons, which comprise of one or more triple bonds, are known as alkynes. ✍️ Use of Alcohol as Fuel ➖Sugarcane plants very efficient convert sunlight into chemical energy and its juice can be used to prepare molasses. ➖When molasses is fermented, it produces alcohol (ethanol). ➖Some of the countries now using alcohol as an additive in petrol, as it is a cleaner fuel. ➖These alcohol, on burning in sufficient air (oxygen), gives rise to only carbon dioxide and water. ✍️ Esters ➖Esters are sweet-smelling substances, which are most commonly formed by reaction of an acid and an alcohol. ➖When esters react in the presence of an acid or a base, it gives back the alcohol and carboxylic acid. ➖The reaction of esters with an acid or a base, is known as saponification because it is used in the preparation of soap. ➖The molecules of soap normally are sodium or potassium salts of long-chain carboxylic acids. ➖Interestingly, the ionic-end of soap dissolves in water whereas the carbon chain dissolves in oil. This typical features of the soap molecules forms structures known as micelles. ➖In micelles, one end of the molecules is towards the oil droplet whereas the ionic-end remains outside. ➖The soap micelle helps in dissolving the dirt in water; likewise, the clothes get cleaned. ➖On the other hand, detergents are usually ammonium or sulphonate salts of long chain carboxylic acids, which remain effective even in hard water. ➖Detergents are customarily used to make shampoos and some other products for cleaning clothes. Join For More https://whatsapp.com/channel/0029Va9492L3QxRv5MtNFF0Y

🌺 Plant Physiology Tricks : 🌺 📍 Glycolysis steps "Goodness Gracious, Father Franklin Did Go By Picking Pumpkins (to) Prepare Pies": Goodness - Glucose Gracious - Glucose-6-P Father - Fructose-6-P Franklin - Fructose-1,6-diP Did - Dihydroxyacetone-P Go - Glyceraldehyde-P By - 1,3-Biphosphoglycerate Picking - 3-Phosphoglycerate Pumpkins - 2-Phosphoglycerate (to) Prepare - Phosphoenolpyruvate Pies - PEP Pyruvate · 'Did', 'By' and 'Pies' tell you the first part of those three: di-, bi-, and py-. · 'PrEPare' tells location of PEP in the process. 🌺 B vitamin names 🌺 📍 Trick :- "The Rhythm Nearly Proved Contagious": 👉 In increasing order: The - Thiamine (B1) Rhythm - Riboflavin (B2) Nearly - Niacin (B3) Proved - Pyridoxine (B6) Contagious - Cobalamin (B12) 🌺 Citric acid cycle compounds 🌺 Trick :- "Oh! Can I Keep Some Succinate For Myself?": Oh ! - Oxaloacetate Can - Citrate I - Isocitrate Keep - Ketoglutarate Some succinate - Succinyl coA Succinate For myself - Fumarate Malate 🌺 Citric acid cycle compounds 🌺 Trick :- "Oh Citric Acid Is Of (course) A SiLly STupid Funny Molecule": Oh - Oxaloacetate Citric - Citrate Acid - Aconitate Is - Isocitrate Ofcourse - Oxalosuccinate A - Alpha-ketoglutarate SilLy sTupid - SuccinyL-CoA SuccinTe Funny molecule - Fumarate Malate 📍*SilLy and sTupid used to differentiate succinyL and succinaTe* 🌺Citric acid cycle compounds🌺 Trick :- "Can I Ask Sharon Stone For My Orgasm?": Citrate Isocitrate Alpha-Ketoglutarate Succinyl CoA Succinate Fumerate Maleate Oxaloacetate 🌺Pyruvate: products of complete oxidation🌺 Trick :- "4 Naked Fun 3 Coeds + 1 Guy" Complete oxidation of pyruvate yields: 4 NADH FADH2 3 CO2 1 GTP Enzymes classification Trick :- "Over The HILL": Oxidoreductases Transferases Hydrolases Isomerases Ligases Lyases 👉 Enzymes get reaction over the hill. 😌❤️ Hope so it's helpful ☺️👍 Join For More https://whatsapp.com/channel/0029Va9492L3QxRv5MtNFF0Y