YET (Your English Tutor)

Editorial Vocabulary (Her Womb, Her Call) __________________ 1. Autonomy (NOUN): (स्वायत्तता / आत्मनिर्णय का अधिकार) – the right to make one’s own decisions independently Synonyms: independence, self-determination Antonyms: dependence, subordination Example: Women must have autonomy over their reproductive choices. (महिलाओं को अपने प्रजनन संबंधी निर्णयों पर स्वायत्तता होनी चाहिए।) 2. Endanger (VERB): (खतरे में डालना) – to put someone or something at risk Synonyms: jeopardise, threaten Antonyms: protect, safeguard Example: Social pressure can endanger individual freedom of choice. (सामाजिक दबाव व्यक्ति की चयन की स्वतंत्रता को खतरे में डाल सकता है।) 3. Fertility (NOUN): (प्रजनन क्षमता / प्रजनन दर) – the ability or tendency to produce children Synonyms: reproductivity, fecundity Antonyms: infertility Example: Falling fertility is becoming a concern for many countries. (गिरती प्रजनन दर कई देशों के लिए चिंता का विषय बन रही है।) 4. Coercion (NOUN): (जबरदस्ती / दबाव) – the use of force or pressure to make someone do something Synonyms: compulsion, force Antonyms: consent, freedom Example: Reproductive decisions should be free from coercion. (प्रजनन संबंधी निर्णय जबरदस्ती से मुक्त होने चाहिए।) 5. Demographic (ADJECTIVE): (जनसांख्यिकीय) – relating to the characteristics of a population Synonyms: population-related, statistical Antonyms: — Example: The country is facing a significant demographic shift. (देश एक महत्वपूर्ण जनसांख्यिकीय बदलाव का सामना कर रहा है।) 6. Erosion (NOUN): (क्षरण / धीरे-धीरे कमी) – the gradual weakening or loss of something Synonyms: deterioration, weakening Antonyms: strengthening, reinforcement Example: Social pressure can lead to the erosion of individual rights. (सामाजिक दबाव व्यक्तिगत अधिकारों के धीरे-धीरे क्षरण का कारण बन सकता है।) 7. Subsuming (VERB): (समाहित कर लेना / अधीन कर देना) – including something within a larger system or idea, often at the cost of its individuality Synonyms: incorporating, absorbing Antonyms: separating, excluding Example: Public policy should not subsume individual choices into collective goals. (सार्वजनिक नीति को व्यक्तिगत विकल्पों को सामूहिक लक्ष्यों में समाहित नहीं करना चाहिए।) 8. Foist (VERB): (थोपना) – to force an unwanted idea, responsibility, or thing on someone Synonyms: impose, thrust Antonyms: offer, withdraw Example: Society should not foist traditional expectations on women. (समाज को महिलाओं पर पारंपरिक अपेक्षाएँ नहीं थोपनी चाहिए।) 9. Postpone (VERB): (स्थगित करना / टालना) – to delay something until a later time Synonyms: defer, delay Antonyms: advance, expedite Example: Many women choose to postpone motherhood to pursue their careers. (कई महिलाएँ अपना करियर आगे बढ़ाने के लिए मातृत्व को टालना चुनती हैं।) 10. Straitjacket (NOUN): (बंधन / कठोर प्रतिबंध) – a severe restriction that prevents freedom of action or choice Synonyms: constraint, restriction Antonyms: freedom, liberty Example: Social norms should not become a straitjacket for personal choices. (सामाजिक मानदंड व्यक्तिगत विकल्पों के लिए बंधन नहीं बनने चाहिए।) The vocabulary is drawn from the editorial’s discussion of women’s autonomy, coercion, demographic concerns and reproductive choice.

Dear students, Good morning! Today, we will discuss a thought-provoking editorial from The Hindu — Her Womb, Her Call. The editorial examines women’s reproductive autonomy amid growing concerns over declining fertility. Have a reading of the editorial in advance! 🕗 Class at 8:00 PM (PDF Attached)

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Quiz of the day (Solutions at the end of the session) _________________ Q 1. Which of the following assumptions is most necessary for the author's concluding argument that “luck cannot become a safety strategy”? a) Most aviation incidents involving technical anomalies eventually result in serious injuries. b) A favourable outcome does not necessarily demonstrate that the systems designed to prevent or mitigate the incident were adequate. c) Psychoactive-substance testing is more effective than technical monitoring in preventing accidents. d) Airlines generally respond to serious incidents only after regulatory intervention. Q 2-4. (Common errors) The new policy, in conjunction with existing regulations, even were identical almost to the previous one. Q 5. What is the tone of the passage? a) Celebratory and reassuring b) Skeptical and dismissive c) Concerned and admonitory d) Neutral and purely descriptive Q 6-10. (Cloze Test) [discomfiting, embarked upon, unraveled, peculiarity ] The researchers ___ (3) ___ an investigation into a strange ___ (4) ___ observed in human behaviour. They had ___ (5) ___ the study after noticing several unusual patterns. The results were ___ (6) ___, challenging conventional assumptions about human ___ (7) ___ abilities and revealing previously overlooked factors influencing decision-making.

Editorial Vocabulary (Not Just Turbulence) ___________________ 1. Evolve (VERB): (विकसित होना / बदलना) – to gradually develop into a different or more advanced form Synonyms: develop, transform Antonyms: stagnate Example: The situation evolved from a minor event into a serious incident. (स्थिति एक मामूली घटना से विकसित होकर एक गंभीर घटना में बदल गई।) 2. Deviation (NOUN): (विचलन / भटकाव) – a departure from what is normal, expected, or planned Synonyms: departure, divergence Antonyms: conformity Example: The aircraft experienced a significant deviation from its planned altitude. (विमान की निर्धारित ऊँचाई से महत्वपूर्ण विचलन हुआ।) 3. Prompt (VERB): (प्रेरित करना / कार्रवाई के लिए मजबूर करना) – to cause or encourage a particular action Synonyms: trigger, provoke Antonyms: deter Example: The incident prompted the aviation regulator to intervene. (घटना ने विमानन नियामक को हस्तक्षेप करने के लिए प्रेरित किया।) 4. Unravel (VERB): (सुलझाना / रहस्य का पता लगाना) – to investigate and discover the facts behind something Synonyms: decipher, uncover Antonyms: conceal Example: Investigators must unravel the causes of the technical failure. (जांचकर्ताओं को तकनीकी खराबी के कारणों का पता लगाना चाहिए।) 5. Anomaly (NOUN): (असामान्यता / विसंगति) – something unusual that differs from what is expected Synonyms: irregularity, deviation Antonyms: normality Example: Investigators identified several technical anomalies during the flight. (जांचकर्ताओं ने उड़ान के दौरान कई तकनीकी विसंगतियों की पहचान की।) 6. Discomfiting (ADJECTIVE): (बेचैन करने वाला / असहज करने वाला) – causing unease, embarrassment, or discomfort Synonyms: unsettling, disturbing Antonyms: reassuring Example: The report revealed a discomfiting weakness in crew screening. (रिपोर्ट ने चालक दल की जांच में एक चिंताजनक कमजोरी उजागर की।) 7. Commence (VERB): (शुरू करना / आरंभ करना) – to begin something Synonyms: begin, initiate Antonyms: conclude Example: The airline decided to commence mandatory substance testing. (एयरलाइन ने अनिवार्य पदार्थ जांच शुरू करने का निर्णय लिया।) 8. Impairment (NOUN): (क्षीणता / कार्यक्षमता में कमी) – a reduction in the ability to function normally Synonyms: deterioration, weakening Antonyms: enhancement Example: Even minor impairment can affect a pilot's judgement. (थोड़ी-सी कार्यक्षमता में कमी भी पायलट के निर्णय को प्रभावित कर सकती है।) 9. Cognitive (ADJECTIVE): (संज्ञानात्मक / सोचने-समझने संबंधी) – relating to the processes of thinking, understanding, and remembering Synonyms: intellectual, mental Antonyms: physical Example: Sleep deprivation can affect cognitive performance. (नींद की कमी संज्ञानात्मक क्षमता को प्रभावित कर सकती है।) 10. Stringent (ADJECTIVE): (कड़े / सख्त) – very strict and demanding Synonyms: strict, rigorous Antonyms: lenient Example: Stringent safety standards are essential in aviation. (विमानन में कड़े सुरक्षा मानक आवश्यक हैं।)

Dear students, Good morning! Today, we are going to discuss a thought-provoking editorial from The Hindu for our evening class — Not Just Turbulence. The editorial examines the serious safety concerns surrounding the August 4, 2026 Air India incident involving flight AI 2379. It looks beyond the initial turbulence report to the aircraft’s multiple technical anomalies, the role of pilot screening for psychoactive substances and medication, gaps in regulatory compliance, and the importance of stronger safety protocols in India’s rapidly expanding aviation sector. Have a reading of the editorial in advance! 🕗 Class at 8:00 PM (PDF Attached)

🇮🇳 Happy Independence Day! Let’s celebrate the freedom we have, honour those who fought for it, and do our part in building a stronger, better India. Jai Hind! 🇮🇳

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https://www.youtube.com/live/VTwJrhoFd_U?si=M3HUmsv2aLMAiXMi Dear students, Let's start our live class at 9:20 PM sharp

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Editorial Vocabulary (Wasted Opportunity) _________________ 1. Abandon (VERB): (त्याग देना / छोड़ देना) – to stop following or using something Synonyms: forsake, relinquish Antonyms: retain Example: India must abandon its outdated approach to waste management. (भारत को कचरा प्रबंधन के अपने पुराने दृष्टिकोण को त्यागना चाहिए।) 2. Contaminate (VERB): (दूषित करना / प्रदूषित करना) – to make something impure or harmful by adding pollutants Synonyms: pollute, taint Antonyms: purify Example: Industrial waste can contaminate rivers and groundwater. (औद्योगिक कचरा नदियों और भूजल को दूषित कर सकता है।) 3. Segregate (VERB): (अलग करना / पृथक करना) – to separate things into different groups Synonyms: separate, isolate Antonyms: combine Example: Households should segregate organic waste at source. (घरों को जैविक कचरे को स्रोत पर ही अलग करना चाहिए।) 4. Indiscriminate (ADJECTIVE): (बेतरतीब / बिना भेदभाव के) – done without careful selection or consideration Synonyms: random, haphazard Antonyms: selective Example: Indiscriminate dumping poses a serious environmental threat. (बेतरतीब कचरा फेंकना पर्यावरण के लिए गंभीर खतरा है।) 5. Noxious (ADJECTIVE): (हानिकारक / विषैला) – harmful to health or the environment Synonyms: toxic, harmful Antonyms: harmless Example: Open burning releases noxious fumes into the atmosphere. (खुले में कचरा जलाने से वातावरण में हानिकारक धुआँ फैलता है।) 6. Fragmented (ADJECTIVE): (बिखरा हुआ / खंडित) – divided into separate parts that are not properly coordinated Synonyms: divided, scattered Antonyms: integrated Example: Fragmented responsibilities often weaken environmental governance. (बिखरी हुई जिम्मेदारियाँ अक्सर पर्यावरणीय शासन को कमजोर कर देती हैं।) 7. Obscure (ADJECTIVE): (अस्पष्ट / समझ से बाहर) – difficult to understand, identify, or determine Synonyms: unclear, ambiguous Antonyms: clear Example: Fragmented institutions can make accountability obscure. (बिखरी हुई संस्थाएँ जवाबदेही को अस्पष्ट बना सकती हैं।) 8. Evolve (VERB): (विकसित होना / रूपांतरित होना) – to gradually develop into a more advanced or suitable form Synonyms: develop, transform Antonyms: stagnate Example: Waste-management schemes must evolve into resource-management systems. (कचरा प्रबंधन योजनाओं को संसाधन प्रबंधन प्रणालियों के रूप में विकसित होना चाहिए।) 9. Squander (VERB): (बर्बाद करना / व्यर्थ गँवाना) – to waste something valuable carelessly Synonyms: waste, fritter away Antonyms: conserve Example: India must not squander the economic potential of organic waste. (भारत को जैविक कचरे की आर्थिक क्षमता को बर्बाद नहीं करना चाहिए।) 10. Systemic (ADJECTIVE): (प्रणालीगत / पूरी व्यवस्था से संबंधित) – affecting or involving an entire system Synonyms: structural, comprehensive Antonyms: isolated Example: India needs a systemic approach to waste management. (भारत को कचरा प्रबंधन के लिए एक प्रणालीगत दृष्टिकोण की आवश्यकता है।)

Dear students, Good morning! Today, we are going to discuss a thought-provoking editorial from The Hindu for our evening class — Wasted Opportunity. The editorial examines how India’s growing organic-waste problem is not merely an environmental challenge, but also a major economic opportunity. It explores waste segregation, public health, agriculture, clean energy, employment and the need for better coordination among government institutions. Have a reading of the editorial in advance! 🕗 Class at 8:00 PM (PDF Attached)

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https://www.youtube.com/live/MsN8JDX_XwY?si=emugN_R9E2PhPnvf Dear students, We start our class live at 9:15 PM. Be right there on time for this learning-intensive session.

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Mastery Class 2 (12 August 2026) 🎯 Common Mistake #1 ❌ Comprise of five members. ✅ Comprise five members. 💡 Comprise = consist of ❌ Comprise of ✅ Comprise 📝 Example: ✅ The committee comprises ten experts. 🎯 Common Mistake #2 ❌ Emphasize on discipline. ✅ Emphasize discipline. 💡 Never use on after emphasize. 📝 Example: ✅ The teacher emphasized punctuality. 🎯 Common Mistake #3 ❌ Resemble with your father. ✅ Resemble your father. 💡 Resemble takes a direct object. 📝 Example: ✅ She resembles her mother. 🎯 Common Mistake #4 ❌ Approach to the manager. ✅ Approach the manager. 💡 Approach is a transitive verb. 📝 Example: ✅ Please approach the reception desk. 🎯 Common Mistake #5 ❌ Mention about the incident. ✅ Mention the incident. 💡 Mention already means "refer to." 📝 Example: ✅ He mentioned your name.

🌱 Root words daily dose for YET students 🌱 Learn 5 Words Together 🔑 Root: "Man" = Hand ✍️ Manual = Done by hand 📖 Manuscript = Written by hand 🤝 Manufacture = Make by hand (original meaning) 🎩 Manipulate = Handle skillfully 🖊 Manicure = Care of the hands 💡 Many everyday words trace back to the Latin word for "hand." Keep learning with Aman Sir (YET) ❤️❤️