Ultrasound World

Hepatofugal portal venous flow. Spectral Doppler US image shows retrograde (hepatofugal) flow in the main portal vein, a finding that appears blue on the color Doppler US image and is displayed below the baseline on the spectral waveform. Hepatofugal flow is due to severe portal hypertension from any cause.

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complete hydtiform mole

Ovarian fibroma is usually :

There is a hypoechoic, avascular collection between the placenta and the uterine wall, indicating placental abruption.

A. Haemorrhagic ovarian cyst B. Ectopic pregnancy C. Endometrioma D. Mature cystic teratoma

B. "fishnet" appearance, resolution on 8 week follow-up scan

Adenoma malignum is a rare cervical malignancy that has an association with what inherited condition?

Microcalcifications are seen most often in which of the following subtypes of thyroid malignancy?

What specific Doppler changes are seen in the hepatic veins and hepatic arteries in portal hypertension? Hepatic veins: Portalisation of hepatic vein waveform Hepatic arteries: "Corkscrew" appearance with increased velocity (compensating for decreased portal vein flow)

What are the ultrasound findings for the superior mesenteric vein (SMV) and splenic vein in portal hypertension? Size: Enlarged >10 mm (Note: measure during deep inspiration as size can vary) Spectral Doppler: Loss of respiratory variation in spectral Doppler waveforms

What are the key Doppler and measurement findings for the portal vein in portal hypertension? Enlarged portal vein: >13 mm (42% sensitive, 95–100% specific) Slow portal venous flow: <15 cm/sec Flow direction: Reversal or to-and-fro portal venous flow

The ball of wool sign, also referred to as the yarn sign or congealed water lily sign, is an ultrasound appearance, representing degeneration of hydatid cysts (WHO class CE 4). The inner side of the cyst detaches from the cyst wall and folds on itself, causing a change from anechoic (fluid) to a solid, hyperechoic appearance without internal septations or daughter cysts.

Smooth and homogeneous circumferential wall thickening of bilateral common carotid arteries. (Takayasu arteritis)

Answer : B. Shark tooth morphology

What is the characteristic continuous wave Doppler morphology seen in echocardiography for coarctation of the aorta? A. Dagger-shaped systolic peak B. Shark tooth morphology C. Saw-tooth appearance D. Flat-topped systolic profile