The Chemistry

📚 Important Increasing / Decreasing Orders ⚡ 1. Alkali Metals & Alkaline Earth Metals 🔹 Melting Point Li > Na > K > Rb > Cs 🔹 Flame Colours 🔥 Li → Crimson Red Na → Golden Yellow K → Violet Rb → Red-Violet Cs → Blue Ca → Brick Red Sr → Blood Red Ba → Apple Green 🔹 Stability of Hydrides LiH > NaH > KH > RbH > CsH 🔹 Basic Nature of Hydroxides LiOH < NaOH < KOH < RbOH < CsOH 🔹 Hydration Energy Li⁺ > Na⁺ > K⁺ > Rb⁺ > Cs⁺ 🔹 Reducing Character Li > Cs > Rb > K > Na ⚡ 2. Boron Family (Group 13) 🔹 Stability of +3 Oxidation State B > Al > Ga > In > Tl 🔹 Stability of +1 Oxidation State Ga < In < Tl 🔹 Basic Nature of Oxides & Hydroxides B < Al < Ga < In < Tl 🔹 Lewis Acid Strength of Boron Trihalides BF₃ < BCl₃ < BBr₃ < BI₃ 🔹 Ionisation Energy B > Al < Ga < In > Tl ⚡ 3. Carbon Family (Group 14) 🔹 Stability of +2 Oxidation State C < Si < Ge < Sn < Pb 🔹 Stability of +4 Oxidation State C > Si > Ge > Sn > Pb 🔹 Oxidising Nature of Dioxides CO₂ < SiO₂ < GeO₂ < SnO₂ < PbO₂ 🔹 Reducing Nature of Hydrides CH₄ < SiH₄ < GeH₄ < SnH₄ < PbH₄ 🔹 Thermal Stability of Tetrahalides CCl₄ > SiCl₄ > GeCl₄ > SnCl₄ > PbCl₄ 🔹 Oxidising Character of M⁴⁺ Species GeCl₄ < SnCl₄ < PbCl₄ 🔹 Ease of Hydrolysis of Tetrahalides SiCl₄ < GeCl₄ < SnCl₄ < PbCl₄ ⚡ 4. Nitrogen Family (Group 15) 🔹 Acidic Strength of Trioxides N₂O₃ > P₂O₃ > As₂O₃ 🔹 Acidic Strength of Pentoxides N₂O₅ > P₂O₅ > As₂O₅ > Sb₂O₅ > Bi₂O₅ 🔹 Acidic Strength of Nitrogen Oxides N₂O < NO < N₂O₃ < NO₂ < N₂O₅ 🔹 Basic Strength of Hydrides NH₃ > PH₃ > AsH₃ > SbH₃ > BiH₃ 🔹 Stability of Nitrogen Trihalides NF₃ > NCl₃ > NBr₃ 🔹 Lewis Base Strength NF₃ < NH₃ < PH₃ < AsH₃ 🔹 Lewis Acid Strength of Trihalides PCl₃ > AsCl₃ > SbCl₃ > BiCl₃ 🔹 Lewis Acid Strength Among PX₃ PF₃ > PCl₃ > PBr₃ > PI₃ ⚡ 5. Oxygen Family (Group 16) 🔹 Melting & Boiling Point of Hydrides H₂O > H₂Te > H₂Se > H₂S 🔹 Volatility of Hydrides H₂O < H₂Te < H₂Se < H₂S 🔹 Reducing Nature of Hydrides H₂S < H₂Se < H₂Te 🔹 Covalent Character of Hydrides H₂O < H₂S < H₂Se < H₂Te 🔹 Acidic Character of Oxides SO₂ > SeO₂ > TeO₂ > PoO₂ SO₃ > SeO₃ > TeO₃ 🔹 Acidic Character of Sulphur Oxides SO < SO₂ < SO₃ ⚡ 6. Halogens (Group 17) 🔹 Bond Energy Cl₂ > Br₂ > F₂ > I₂ 🔹 Solubility in Water F₂ > Cl₂ > Br₂ > I₂ 🔹 Oxidising Power F₂ > Cl₂ > Br₂ > I₂ 🔹 Hydration Enthalpy of Halide Ions F⁻ > Cl⁻ > Br⁻ > I⁻ 🔹 Reactivity F₂ > Cl₂ > Br₂ > I₂ 🔹 Ionic Character of M–X Bond M–F > M–Cl > M–Br > M–I 🔹 Reducing Character of Halide Ions I⁻ > Br⁻ > Cl⁻ > F⁻ 🔹 Acid Strength of Hydrogen Halides HI > HBr > HCl > HF 🔹 Reducing Property of Hydrogen Halides HF < HCl < HBr < HI 🔹 Oxidising Power of Chlorine Oxides Cl₂O > ClO₂ > Cl₂O₆ > Cl₂O₇ ⚡ 7. Miscellaneous Important Orders 🔹 Decreasing Ionic Size O²⁻ > F⁻ > Na⁺ > Mg²⁺ 🔹 Increasing Acidic Property Na₂O < MgO < ZnO < P₂O₅ 🔹 Increasing Bond Length N₂ < O₂ < F₂ < Cl₂ 🔹 Increasing Ionic Size Ca²⁺ < Cl⁻ < S²⁻ 🔹 Increasing Acid Strength of Oxyacids HClO < HClO₂ < HClO₃ < HClO₄ 🌟 QUICK MEMORY TIPS ✅ Across a period → Acidic nature increases ✅ Down a group → Basic nature increases ✅ Hydration energy decreases down the group ✅ Oxidising power of halogens decreases down the group ✅ Acid strength of HX increases down the group 📖 Perfect for: NEET 🩺 JEE ⚙️ Boards 🏫 Quick Revision 🚀

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