Astrolingo

Let's learn some useful words 📚 ماه: 🌙 Moon زمین: 🌍 Earth مدار: 🔄 Orbit دما: 🌡️ Temperature جو: ☁️ Atmosphere سطح: 🌑 Surface خورشید: ☀️ Sun زهره: 💫 Venus سیاره: 🪐 Planet افق: 🏔️ Horizon اوج خورشیدی: ☀️ Aphelion حضیض خورشیدی: 🌑 Perihelion سال عطارد: ⏳ Mercurian Year طلوع خورشید: 🌅 Sunrise غروب خورشید: 🌇 Sunset مدار بیضوی: 🥏 Elliptical Orbit اندازهٔ ظاهری: 👁️ Apparent Size سیارهٔ عطارد: 🌑 Mercury خورشیدمرکزی: ☀️ Heliocentric فاصلهٔ زاویه‌ای: 📐 Angular Distance حرکت وضعی زمین: 🌍 Earth's Rotation Motion دورهٔ تناوب مداری: ⏳ Orbital Period روشنایی ظاهری: ✨ Apparent Brightness ظهور صبحگاهی: 🌅 Morning Apparition ظهور شامگاهی: 🌆 Evening Apparition فاصلهٔ زاویه‌ای: 📐 Angular Distance خورشیدمرکزی: ☀️ Heliocentric روز خورشیدی: 🌅 Solar Day (from one sunrise to the next) قمر طبیعی زمین (ماه): 🌑 Natural Satellite (Moon) حرکت انتقالی زمین (مداری): 🌍☀️ Earth's Revolution Motion منظومهٔ شمسی (سامانهٔ خورشیدی): ☀️ Solar System بیشترین کشیدگی (بیشترین فاصلهٔ زاویه‌ای از خورشید): 📏 Greatest Elongation 📣 US 📣 UK #زیرگروه_زبان_تخصصی_انجمن_نجوم_مشهد @astrolingo @toossky

👩‍🚀Mercury: Notes and Scientific Corrections: 👆The previous video provides a good general introduction to Mercury, but a few points deserve clarification: 📕1. Was Mercury once a moon of Venus? The video suggests that Mercury may once have been a satellite of Venus. However, there is currently no accepted scientific evidence to support this idea. While a few hypotheses have been proposed over the years, Mercury is considered a planet that formed as part of the early Solar System.✅ 🫯2. How long is a day on Mercury? The statement that "one day lasts over two years" is essentially correct, but it can be misleading without explanation. Mercury completes one orbit around the Sun in about 88 🌎 Earth days, while one solar day (from one sunrise to the next) lasts about 176 Earth days. In other words, one solar day on Mercury is longer than two Mercurian years.✅ 🌞3. How large does the Sun appear? The video contains a transcription error in this section. From Mercury, the 🌞 Sun appears about three times larger in diameter than it does when viewed from Earth. Because Mercury follows a highly elliptical orbit, the Sun's apparent size also changes noticeably during its journey around the Sun. These fascinating characteristics make Mercury one of the most unusual planets in our Solar System and an exciting world to explore.✅ 🔭4.When is the best time to observe Mercury? 📷 The video mentions that the best time to see Mercury is in the evening. However, this is only true during evening apparitions. Mercury can also be observed during morning apparitions, when it rises shortly before the Sun. 🟡 In general, the best time to observe Mercury is when it reaches its greatest elongation, appearing at its greatest angular distance from the Sun. At these times, Mercury is visible just above the horizon either shortly after sunset or shortly before sunrise. Under favorable conditions, it can even outshine every star in the night sky.✅ ⚡️ These fascinating characteristics make Mercury one of the most unusual planets in our Solar System and an exciting world to explore.🔎 📣 US 📣 UK #زیرگروه_زبان_تخصصی_انجمن_نجوم_مشهد @astrolingo @toossky

This is Mercury, the smallest planet in the solar system and one that is closest to the sun. In size and appearance, it is similar to the moon. Perhaps a long time ago, it used to be a satellite of Venus. Mercurial daily life looks rather strange. One day lasts over two years. The Sun is three times bigger than it is on the Earth. And during the day, it changes its size and can even move in different directions. Such a long day leads to extremely hot temperatures on the surface. And at night, with no heat or atmosphere, it becomes terribly cold. But at a depth of only three feet, this difference is not felt. And the temperature always remains the same. The best time to see Mercury is in the evening when it is just above the horizon. At this time, it shines brighter than all the stars in the sky, but soon disappears following the sun. 📣 US 📣 UK #زیرگروه_زبان_تخصصی_انجمن_نجوم_مشهد @astrolingo @toossky

Let's learn more about Mercury by watching a short video.

Weekly Sky Events Sunday 02.August.2026 (11 Amordad 1405): _ Mercury has its largest morning elongation (angular distance from the Sun) and is therefore best visible in the morning. Mercury is 19° W of the Sun. Visible in the morning long before sunrise in the ENE in the constellation Gemini (Twins). It is bright (mv = 0.1) and visible to the unaided eye. Best observing time is at 4:10 in the ENE at an elevation of 11°. _ Capricornus is in opposition with the Sun and therefore at its best visibility of the year. Capricornus transits at local midnight. Monday 03.August.2026 (12 Amordad 1405): _Moon and Neptune have a minimal anaular separation. You can observe them at 3:25 when their separatior is 4.7° WNW. _ The libration of the Moon reaches an extreme value in longitude of 6.0° W. Therefore. its west side (Crater Grimaldi) is tipped into view. The libration in latitude is 3.7°S Tuesday 04.August.2026 (13 Amordad 1405): _ Moon and Saturn have a minimal angular separation. You can observe them at 00:15 when their separation is 5.° NW. Thursday 06.August.2026 (15 Amordad 1405): _ The libration of the Moon reaches an extreme value of 8.2° (in longitude 5.1° W and in latitude 6.3° S). _ Last quarter of the Moon occurs at 5:52. On this day, the Moon is best visible right before sunrise. Friday 07.August.2026 (16 Amordad 1405): _ Moon and Pleiades have a minima angular separation. You can observe them at 3:39 when their separatior is 3.5° W. _ The libration of the Moon reaches an extreme value in latitude of 6.8° S. Therefore, its South Pole is tipped into view. The libration in longitude is 3.8° W. Source: Mobile Observatory 📣 US 📣 UK #زیرگروه_زبان_تخصصی_انجمن_نجوم_مشهد @astrolingo @toossky

Weekly Sky Events

واژگان کلیدی مرتبط با بارش‌های شهابی و دنباله‌دارها بارش شهابی: Meteor Shower شهاب‌واره: Meteoroid شهاب: Meteor شهاب‌سنگ: Meteorite کانون بارش: Meteor Shower Radiant نرخ ساعتی سمت‌الرأس: Zenithal Hourly Rate (ZHR) آلودگی نوری: Light Pollution افق باز: Clear Horizon سمت‌الرأس: Zenith شهاب آذرگوی: Fireball (Bolide) دنباله‌دار: Comet هسته: Nucleus گیسو: Coma دنباله‌ی غباری: Dust Tail دنباله‌ی یونی: Ion Tail رد غبار: Dust Trail دورهٔ تناوب: Orbital Period حضیض خورشیدی: Perihelion اوج خورشیدی: Aphelion ابر اورت: Oort Cloud کمربند کویپر: Kuiper Belt دوربین دوچشمی: Binoculars 📣 US 📣 UK #زیرگروه_زبان_تخصصی_انجمن_نجوم_مشهد @astrolingo @toossky

Let's explore comets and meteor showers, some of the most spectacular visitors to Earth's night sky. Comets are icy bodies that travel around the Sun in elongated elliptical orbits. As they approach perihelion, the closest point to the Sun, solar heat causes their frozen ices to sublimate, releasing gas and dust that form a glowing coma and two distinct tails: a dust tail and an ion tail. As they move farther away toward aphelion, the most distant point in their orbit, their activity gradually decreases, leaving behind streams of dust and debris along their paths. When Earth passes through these streams of particles—most often left behind by comets and less commonly by certain asteroids—tiny fragments enter our atmosphere at tremendous speeds, producing meteor showers. Although these streaks of light can appear brilliant across the sky, most are created by particles no larger than grains of sand. By studying comets and meteor showers, astronomers learn more about the origin and early history of our Solar System, as many comets preserve ancient material that has remained largely unchanged since its formation. 📣 US 📣 UK #زیرگروه_زبان_تخصصی_انجمن_نجوم_مشهد @astrolingo @toossky

واژگان مرتبط با ماه (۲) مدار بیضوی ماه: The Lunar Elliptical Orbit اوج: Apogee ریز ماه: Micro Moon حضیض: Perigee ابر ماه: Super Moon مقارنه: Conjunction مقابله: Opposition رخ‌گرد: Libration رخ‌گرد روزانه: diurnal libration  رخ‌گرد طولی: longitudinal libration رخ‌گرد عرضی: latitudinal libration 📣 US 📣 UK #زیرگروه_زبان_تخصصی_انجمن_نجوم_مشهد @astrolingo @toossky

واژگان مرتبط با ماه (۱) فازهای ماه: Phases of the Moon (Lunar Phases) ماهِ نو: New Moon هلال ماه: Crescent هلال ماه رو به افزایش (هلال فزاینده): Waxing Crescent Moon تربیع اول: First Quarter ماه کامل: Full Moon تربیع آخر (تربیع سوم): Last Quarter (Third Quarter) هلال ماه رو به کاهش (هلال کاهنده): Waning Crescent Moon زمین تاب: Earthshine نیمه‌ی نزدیک ماه: The near side of the Moon نیمه‌ی پنهان (دور) ماه: The far side of the Moon 📣 US 📣 UK #زیرگروه_زبان_تخصصی_انجمن_نجوم_مشهد @astrolingo @toossky

Let's talk about the Moon, Earth's bright companion that orbits our planet approximately every 27.3 days. Its changing appearance, known as the lunar phases, progresses from a thin crescent to a full moon and back again. A new moon occurs when the Moon lies between Earth and the Sun, while a full moon occurs when Earth lies between the Sun and the Moon. Only when these bodies are closely aligned do solar or lunar eclipses occur. At apogee, the Moon is farthest from Earth and appears slightly smaller, while at perigee it is closest and appears slightly larger. Although the Moon shines by reflecting sunlight, its motion and phases have long been used to develop calendars and measure the passage of time. Month after month, the Moon's changing phases reveal the continuous motion of the Earth–Moon–Sun system. 📣 US 📣 UK #زیرگروه_زبان_تخصصی_انجمن_نجوم_مشهد @astrolingo @toossky

دنیای قمرها قمر زمین: ماه: Moon قمرهای مریخ: فوبوس: Phobos دیموس: Deimos شناخته‌شده‌ترین قمرهای مشتری: آیو: Io اروپا: Europa گانیمد: Ganymede کالیستو: Callisto شناخته‌شده‌ترین قمرهای زحل: تایتان: Titan انسلادوس: Enceladus میماس: Mimas یاپتوس: Iapetus رئا: Rhea شناخته‌شده‌ترین قمرهای اورانوس: تیتانیا: Titania اوبرون: Oberon آریل: Ariel امبریل: Umbriel میراندا: Miranda شناخته‌شده‌ترین قمرهای نپتون: تریتون: Triton نرئید: Nereid پروتئوس: Proteus معروف‌ترین قمر سیاره‌ی کوتوله‌ی پلوتو: شارون: Charon 📣 US 📣 UK #زیرگروه_زبان_تخصصی_انجمن_نجوم_مشهد @astrolingo @toossky

Let's explore some of the Solar System's best-known moons, worlds of ice and rock orbiting their planets. Some shine with icy surfaces, hiding oceans beneath, while others blaze with volcanoes. Discovered over centuries, these moons reveal the secrets of their worlds and the cosmic dance they share. 📣 US 📣 UK #زیرگروه_زبان_تخصصی_انجمن_نجوم_مشهد @astrolingo @toossky

Astrolingo pinned «با عرض سلام و ادب و احترام. این کانال به منظور آموزش مقدماتی واژگان و اصطلاحات نجومی راه‌اندازی شده است. تلاش بر این است که مطالب ارائه شده در عین سادگی، حاوی مطالب آموزشی نجوم آماتوری به زبان انگلیسی باشند. امیدواریم این حرکت که با همکاری داوطلبان گرامی و…»

در هر مطلب به کمک (📣) لینک‌هایی برای دسترسی به تلفظ کلمات طراحی شده است. این لینک‌ها همچنین حاوی ترجمه‌ی متون توسط ابزارهای ترجمه‌ی خودکار مانند "Google translate" می‌باشند که برای آشنایی اولیه با معانی واژه‌ها مفیدند اما در ترجمه‌ی متون علمی و تخصصی بی‌نقص عمل نمی‌کنند و ممکن است کلمات را بدون توجه به بافت متن ترجمه کنند. برای نمونه در متن بالا، واژه‌ی "eclipse" توسط "Google translate" به "کسوف" ترجمه شده درحالیکه بطور کلی "eclipse" به معنای "گرفتگی" است و بسته به متن می‌تواند به خورشیدگرفتگی یا ماه‌گرفتگی اشاره داشته باشد.

واژگان مرتبط با گرفت‌ها ماه‌گرفتگی(خسوف): Lunar eclipse ماه‌گرفتگی کلی: total lunar eclipse ماه‌گرفتگی جزئی: partial lunar eclipse ماه‌گرفتگی نیم‌سایه‌ای: Penumbral lunar eclipse خورشیدگرفتگی (کسوف): Solar eclipse خورشیدگرفتگی کلی: total solar eclipse خورشیدگرفتگی جزئی: partial solar eclipse خورشیدگرفتگی حلقوی: annular eclipse تاج خورشیدی: solar corona دوره‌ی ساروس: saros cycle 📣 US 📣 UK #زیرگروه_زبان_تخصصی_انجمن_نجوم_مشهد @astrolingo @toossky

Let’s explore eclipses, those magical moments when shadows dance in space. During a solar eclipse, the Moon moves between Earth and the Sun, hiding the sunlight for a while. During a lunar eclipse, Earth’s shadow gently covers the Moon, painting it in shades of red and copper. A solar eclipse happens only during a new moon, while a lunar eclipse happens only during a full moon. 📣 US 📣 UK #زیرگروه_زبان_تخصصی_انجمن_نجوم_مشهد @astrolingo @toossky

واژگان مرتبط با سامانه‌ی خورشیدی (۲) سامانه‌ی خورشیدی: Solar system خورشید: Sun سیاره: Planet سیاره‌های خاکی (سنگی): Terrestrial Planets سیاره‌های یخی: Ice Giants غول گازی: Gas Giant سیاره‌ی کوتوله: Dwarf Planet قمر: Moon/ Satellite شهاب: Meteor شهابسنگ: Meteorite دنباله‌دار: Comet سیارک: Asteroid کمربند سیارکی: Asteroid Belt کمربند کوئیپر: Kuiper Belt ابر اورت: Oort Cloud 📣 US 📣 UK #زیرگروه_زبان_تخصصی_انجمن_نجوم_مشهد @astrolingo @toossky