Awenyddau

https://youtu.be/5_DVm7L9s20

https://youtu.be/8JBW-_zq4xM

Knocknarea (Irish: Cnoc na Riabh; “Hill of the Stripes”) with Miosgán Meadhbha (“Medb’s Heap”) at the summit; county Sligo, Ireland. 🇮🇪 The huge cairn on Knocknarea was supposedly the burial place of the mythical Queen Medb. According to the middle Irish poem Caithréim Cellaig, the hill was also the initial burial place of the renown king of Connacht Eógan Bél, grandson to the famous High King Ailill Molt. The poem tells of how he defeated the Northern Uí Néill at the Battle of Sligo in AD 542, but later died from his wounds. Eógan was buried at Rath Ua Fiachrach (Irish: “Fort of the Uí Fiachrach”) on the slopes of Knocknarea, standing up within the grave with his red spear in his hand and facing north defiantly. The name “Rath Ua Fiachrach” would seem to indicate that the area around Sligo had once belonged to Eógan’s people, the Uí Fiachrach, being taken later by the Uí Néill and settled by the Cenél Coirpre. The Uí Néill are said to have later dug him up and buried him on an island in nearby Lough Gill. Later sources, such as the Annals of the Four Masters, claim that it was the Uí Néill who won the battle, and preserve a short poem about it: The battle of the Uí Fiachrach was fought with fury of edged weapons against Bel, The kine of the enemy roared with the javelins, the battle was spread out at Crinder. The Sligeach bore to the great sea the blood of men with their flesh, They carried many trophies across Eabha, together with the head of Eoghan Bel. https://t.me/CelticEurope

Lovely Celtic torc with La Tène spirals, 5-4th Century BC. Continental Celtic torcs often had a hidden hinge mechanism, visible on the left of this piece, so they could be put on without bending. Meanwhile, insular torcs often have repairs from where they broke after being bent too many times. ࿋

https://youtu.be/QEAENGLYkZg?si=Qye2CZF8yBBbFVYu

Video map of expansion and decline of Celtic languages https://youtu.be/xRLPBszfzZc?si=Dl2_P6RXwaXu1vLU

Gallic invasion of Macedon; 279 B.C. 🇷🇸🇲🇰🇬🇷 Pictured: Macedonian gold stater minted during the reign of king Ptolemy Ceraunus of Macedon, bearing the mame of his predecessor, Lysimachus. In the year 279 B.C. a large Gallic army showed up at the border of the Kingdom of Macedonia under the leadership of a chieftain named Bolgius. Macedonia was then ruled by king Ptolemy Ceraunus (Greek: Keraunos; “thunderbolt”), a son of one of Alexander the Great’s generals who’d become king of Egypt: Ptolemy I Soter. Ceraunus had been expelled from Egypt during a dynastic struggle and gone to the court of king Lysimachus of Macedon. From there he fled other dynastic intrigues and went to another of Alexander’s successors: Seleucus I Nicator. Shortly after Seleucus defeated and killed Lysimachus at the 281 B.C. Battle of Corupedium, Keraunos murdered Seleucus and proclaimed himself king of Macedon. Two years later, he found himself at war with the Gauls who’d settled in the north, in what’s today Serbia. It’s unclear why the Celts chose to attack Macedon, however, large amounts of Macedonian gold coinage —much of it debased with silver— found by archaeologists in Serbia might be evidence that they had been receiving tribute from Macedon ever since the time of Alexander, with whom an embassy of theirs had once met. The Celts demanded large amounts of gold from Ceraunus, perhaps indicative that the debased coinage was a cause for their attack. Ceraunus arrogantly rebuffed, not only the Gallic ambassadors, but also an offer of 20,000 soldiers made by the Illyrian Dardanians for the defense of Macedon. With a powerful army that included large numbers of Indian war elephants, Ptolemy confidently confronted the Celts in open battle. The result was surprising: Ceraunus was captured and executed, and the Gauls hoisted his head up on a spear. The Macedonian army was routed —elephants and all— with heavy losses. The Gauls evidently also took heavy casualties, as Bolgius chose to retreat out of Macedonia upon being confronted by a new army led by the Macedonian general Sosthenes. He was bolstered by another Celtic contingent that had been conquering nearby Paionia, led by the chieftains Brennus and Acichorius. Their combined forces invaded again and defeated Sosthenes in a second battle, leaving Greece wide open for them to launch a devastating raid that culminated in the sack of Delphi. Celtic Europe - channel link: https://t.me/CelticEurope

Spears with globular terminals first appeared in Scotland on Pictish stones, Cassius Dio described the Caledonians using short spears with a bronze “apple”, and they were used as late as the 19th Century, known as a sleag; the illustrations are from James Logan’s 1845 book “The Clans of the Scottish Highlands”. Now that’s continuity. ࿋

A Celtic bronze spear butt, found near Northampton, 1-7th Century. These are often found in Scotland and Ireland, and a few Pictish stones depict spears with globular terminals. This would’ve counterbalanced the spear, making it more wieldy when used with one hand and a shield. ࿋

Genesis Creation Events Borrowed from India? Rounding out the Bible-India borrowings, there are indeed Indian parallels to the Biblical creation. • O'Gravy, The Sun Riders @solarcult New stream watch: https://www.youtube.com/live/kTAuoTAgIvY

Celtic miniature weapons and shields from Nettleton Top, Lincolnshire. A few full-sized Bronze Age axes were found at this Iron Age cult site, showing they retained religious significance into the Iron Age, perhaps as thunderstones or ancestral relics. Several miniatures showed signs of being worn, and would have served as amulets as well as votive offerings. A handful of miniature cauldrons were found in Huntingdon, perhaps representations of the legendary cauldron of rebirth, or the Dagda or Ceridwen’s cauldron of poetic inspiration. ࿋

Celtic swords of the Brigantes tribe from Embleton and Asby Scar, Cumbria, 1-3rd Century. ࿋