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us through regular contributions. Open to all Indian citizens, including non-residents, NPS invests in market-linked instruments, offering potentially higher returns than traditional fixed-income options.

Current Affairs 1. What day is ‘Kargil Vijay Diwas’ in India? [A] 25 July [B] 26 July [C] 27 July [D] 28 July Correct Answer: B [26 July] Kargil Vijay Diwas, observed on 26 July, commemorates the Indian Army’s victory over Pakistan in the 1999 Kargil Conflict. On its 25th anniversary, Prime Minister Narendra Modi visits the Drass sector in Ladakh to honour the martyrs at the Kargil War Memorial. The Kargil War, fought from May 8 to July 26, 1999, saw Pakistani forces disguised as mujahideen infiltrating Indian posts. India’s Operation Vijay successfully evicted them. This conflict aimed to internationalize the Kashmir issue and disrupt NH1A, a vital supply route for the Indian Army. 2. Which country hosts the 21st edition of the multinational joint military exercise Khaan Quest 2024? [A] China [B] India [C] Mongolia [D] Japan Correct Answer: C [Mongolia] Indian Army has participated in the 21st KHAAN QUEST multinational military exercise in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia from 27 July to 9 August 2024. Co-sponsored by the U.S. Indo-Pacific Command and hosted by the Mongolian Armed Forces, KHAAN QUEST promotes regional peace and security. Initially, it was a bilateral U.S.-Mongolia exercise in 2003, but it became multilateral in 2008. The Indian Army, a regular participant, sent 40 personnel this year, including three female soldiers. The exercise focuses on peacekeeping operations, enhancing skills for future UN peacekeeping missions. 3. Recently, where was the country’s 500th Community Radio Station inaugurated? [A] Shillong [B] Aizawl [C] Kohima [D] Gangtok Correct Answer: B [Aizawl] On 25 July 2024, Union Minister for Information and Broadcasting, Ashwini Vaishnaw, announced the winners of the 10th National Community Radio Award and inaugurated India’s 500th Community Radio Station at the Indian Institute of Mass Communication in Aizawl, Mizoram. Named Apna Radio 90.0 FM, it will provide weather updates, government schemes, and agriculture information. Community Radios, unlike public and commercial radio, are low-power stations operated by local communities in local languages, focusing on issues like nutrition and health. They can be set up by educational institutions, community-based organizations, registered societies, and trusts. 4. Recently, which shipyard has launched the first indigenously-built Talwar class frigate, ‘Triput’? [A] Cochin Shipyard Limited (CSL) [B] Mazagon Dock Shipbuilders Limited (MDL) [C] Hindustan Shipyard Limited [D] Goa Shipyard Limited (GSL) Correct Answer: D [Goa Shipyard Limited (GSL)] Goa Shipyard Limited (GSL) launched the first indigenously-built Talwar class frigate, ‘Triput.’ Part of a 2016 India-Russia deal, Triput is among four Admiral Grigorovich class frigates, with two built-in India via technology transfer. The Indian Navy already operates six of this class. INS Triput, 124m long and 15.5m wide, is powered by four gas turbines, reaching speeds of 28 knots with a 3200-ton displacement. It features a stealth-enhancing hull design, advanced weapons and sensors, an Integrated Platform and Bridge Management System, and a robust air defence system with vertical launch long-range surface-to-air missiles. 5. What is the primary objective of the ‘NPS Vatsalya Scheme’, recently seen in the news? [A] To provide health insurance to tribal families [B] To offer education loans to students for higher education [C] To help parents and guardians plan for their children’s future financial needs [D] To plan for parents’ retirement Correct Answer: C [To help parents and guardians plan for their children’s future financial needs] The Finance Minister announced NPS Vatsalya, a new scheme under the National Pension Scheme (NPS) to help parents and guardians plan for their children’s future financial needs. Parents can open an account for their minor children, with funds accumulating until the child turns 18. Upon adulthood, the amount transfers to a standard NPS account and can be converted into a non-NPS plan. NPS, a voluntary retirement scheme, enables individuals to build a retirement corp

Vocabulary 1. EXACERBATE (VERB): (बदतर करना): aggravate  Synonyms: worsen, inflame  Antonyms: calm  Example Sentence:The exorbitant cost of land in urban areas only exacerbated the problem.  2. TENUOUS (ADJECTIVE): (तुच्छ): slight  Synonyms: insubstantial, flimsy  Antonyms: convincing  Example Sentence: The tenuous between interest rates and investment.  3. LACKLUSTRE (ADJECTIVE): (निरुत्साही): uninspired  Synonyms: uninspiring, unimaginative  Antonyms: inspired  Example Sentence: No excuses were made for the team's lacklustre performance.  4. CONTENTION (NOUN): (तकरार): disagreement  Synonyms: dispute disputation  Antonyms: agreement  Example Sentence: The captured territory was the main area of contention between the two countries.  5. PLETHORA (NOUN): (बहुतायत): excess  Synonyms: abundance, overabundance  Antonyms: dearth  Example Sentence: She always has a plethora of bad jokes.  6. RETICENCE (NOUN): (अल्पभाषिता): reserve  Synonyms: introversion, restraint  Antonyms: expansiveness  Example Sentence: She paused, as if hesitating to confide, until her anger overcame her reticence.  7. SURMISE (VERB): (अंदाज़ा लगाना): guess  Synonyms: conjecture, suspect  Antonyms: know  Example Sentence: I surmised that something must be wrong.  8. FALLACIOUS (ADJECTIVE): (ग़लत): erroneous  Synonyms: false, untrue  Antonyms: true  Example Sentence: His argument is based on fallacious reasoning.  9. VEIL (VERB): (ढंक देना): covert  Synonyms: surreptitious, hidden  Antonyms: overt  Example Sentence:Cold mists veiled the mountain peaks.  10. TRASH (NOUN): (बकवास): nonsense  Synonyms: drivel, pap  Antonyms: logic  Example Sentence: If they read at all, they read trash.

❇️सवतंत्रता संघर्ष प्रश्नोतर❇️ 1. महात्मा गांधी को गोली किसने मारी थी ? Ans ➺  नाथू राम गोडसे     2. गांधी जी को चंपारण आने के लिए किसने प्रेरित किया था ? Ans ➺  -बिहार के किसान नेता राजकुमार ने । 3. सत्याग्रह का सर्वप्रथम प्रयोग गांधी जी ने कहां किया था  ? Ans ➺  दक्षिण अफ्रिका 4. गदर पार्टी किसके नेतृत्व में बनी थी ? Ans ➺  लाला हरदयाल 5. चंपारण आंदोलन कब हुआ था ? Ans ➺  1917 में 6. रौलट एक्ट कब लागू किया था ? Ans ➺  19 मार्च 1919 में 7. पूरे देश में खिलाफत दिवस कब मनाया गया ? Ans ➺  19 अक्टूबर 1919 ई 8. स्वशासन के लिए बाल गंगाधर तिलक ने किस संस्था की स्थापना किया था ? Ans ➺  होमरूल लीग (मार्च 1916 ई. में पूना में) 9. ऐनी बेसेन्ट ने होमरूल लीग की स्थापना कब और कहां किया था ? Ans ➺  सितंबर 1916 ई. में मद्रास में । 10. ऐनी बेसेंट के नेतृत्व में स्थापित होमरुल लीग के प्रथम सचिव कौन थे ? Ans ➺  जार्ज अरुण्डेल 11. जालियांवाला बाग हत्याकांड कहां हुआ था ? Ans ➺  अमृतसर 12. साबरमती आश्रम की स्थापना किसने किया था ? Ans ➺  महात्मा गांधी ने 13. महात्मा गांधी ने साबरमती आश्रम की स्थापना कब और कहां किया था ? Ans ➺  1916 ई. में अहमदाबाद में 14. गदर पार्टी की स्थापना कब और कहां किया गया था ? Ans ➺  1 नवंबर 1913 ई. में सैनफ्रांसिस्को ( अमेरिका) में 15. गदर पार्टी के पहले अध्यक्ष कौन बने थे ? Ans ➺  सोहन सिंह भक्खाना 16. भारत में सत्याग्रह का सबसे पहले प्रयोग गांधी ने कहां किया था ? Ans ➺  चंपारण (बिहार) 17. महात्मा गांधी को कैसर-ए-हिंद की उपाधि से कब नावाजा गया था ? Ans ➺  सन् 1915 में 18. चंपारण विद्रोह के कारण अंग्रेजों को कौन सी प्रथा समाप्त करनी पड़ी थी ? Ans ➺  तीनकठिया प्रथा 19. महात्मा गांधी ने पहली बार भूख हड़ताल किसके समर्थन में किया था ? Ans ➺  1918 ई. में अहमदाबाद मिल मजदूरों के हड़ताल के समर्थन में । 20. 1918 ई. में महात्मा गांधी ने गुजरात के खेड़ा जिले में कौन सा आंदोलन चलाया था ? Ans ➺   कर नहीं आंदोलन 21. कांग्रेस के किस अधिवेशन में नरम दल और गरम दल में एकता हो गई ? Ans ➺  लखनऊ अधिवेशन (1916 ई.) 22.  मुस्लिम लीग और कांग्रेस ने मिलकर किस अधिवेशन में एक संयुक्त समिति की स्थापना किया ? Ans ➺  लखनऊ अधिवेशन 23. गांधी जी ने रौलेट एक्ट के विरोध में देश व्यापी हड़ताल कब शुरु किया था ? Ans ➺  6 अप्रैल 1919 ई. 24. जालियांवाला बाग हत्याकांड कब हुआ ? Ans ➺  13 अप्रैल 1919  में 25.  खिलाफत आंदोलन किसके खिलाफ शुरू किया किया था ? Ans ➺  मित्र राष्ट्रों के खिलाफ । विशेषकर ब्रिटेन के खिलाफ 26. जालियांवाला बाग हत्याकांड का नेतृत्व किसने किया था ? Ans ➺  जनरल डायर 27. जालियांवाला बाग किस व्यक्ति की संपत्ति थी ? Ans ➺  जल्ली नाम के व्यक्ति 28. असहयोग आंदोलन कब शुरु हुआ ? Ans ➺  1 अगस्त, 1920 में 29. जालियांवाला बाग हत्याकांड में किस भारतीय ने जनरल डायर का सहयोग किया था ? Ans ➺  हंसराज 30. हिंदू और मुसलमानों की संयुक्त कांफ्रेंस की अध्यक्षता महात्मा गांधी ने कब किया था ? Ans ➺  23 नवंबर 1919 में

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✅इतिहास के महत्तवपूर्ण प्रश्न Q.1. इतिहास का पिता कहा जता है। Ans: हेरोटोड्स को Q2. सिन्धु सभ्यता प्रसिद्ध थी Ans: सुनियोजित शहर हेतु Q3. सिन्धु सभ्यता के लोगों का व्यवसाय Ans : कृषि Q4. सिन्धुवासियों की मुख्य फसल Ans: जौ और गेहूं Q_5. सिन्धु सभ्यता का सर्वाधिक पूर्वी एवं पश्चिमी पुरास्थल है Ans: क्रमश: आलमगीरपुर (मेरठ, उत्तर प्रदेश) तथा सुतकागेंडोर (बलुचिस्तान) Q6. सिन्धु सभ्यता का उतरी एवं दक्षिणी पुरास्थल है Ans: क्रमश: मांदा (अखनूर, जम्मू-कश्मीर) एवं दाइमाबाद (अहमदनगर, महाराष्ट्र) Q_7. हड़प्पा सभ्यता के बारे में सबसे पहले जानकारी दी थी Ans: चार्ल्स मैसन ने (1926 ई. में) Q.8. मोहनजोदड़ों एवं हड़प्पा की पुरातात्विक खुदाई के प्रभारी थे Ans: सर जॉन मार्शल Q9. हड़प्पा की सभ्यता थी Ans : कास्युयुगीन Q_10. सिन्धु सभ्यता की लिपि थी Ans: चित्रात्मक Q11. मिश्र के राजा कहलाते थे Ans: फराओ Q12. खरोष्ठी लिपि लिखी थी Ans: दाएं से बाएँ Q.13. स्वास्तिक चिन्ह देन है Ans: सिन्धु सभ्यता का Q.14. आदि मानव की सर्वप्रथम सीख Ans: आग जलाना Q_15. आग का आविष्कार किया था Ans: पुरापाषाण काल में

Vocabulary 1. ALIENATE (NOUN): (पृथक करना): estrange  Synonyms: turn away, set apart  Antonyms: unite  Example Sentence: We live in an urban environment which alienates its own inhabitants.  2. DASTARDLY (ADJECTIVE): (नीचतापूर्ण): wicked  Synonyms: evil, iniquitous  Antonyms: noble  Example Sentence: While the town is sleeping, the mafia is out doing dastardly deeds.  3. EGREGIOUS (ADJECTIVE): (भीषण): shocking  Synonyms: appalling, horrific  Antonyms: marvellous  Example Sentence: Copyright faces egregious abuses.  4. CALLOUS (ADJECTIVE): (निर्मम): heartless  Synonyms: unfeeling uncaring  Antonyms: kind  Example Sentence: His callous comments about the murder made me shiver.  5. AMBIGUITY (NOUN): (अस्पष्टता): ambivalence  Synonyms: equivocation, obscurity  Antonyms: transparency  Example Sentence: We can detect no ambiguity in this section of the Act.  6. CONSOLIDATE (VERB): (मजबूत करना): strengthen  Synonyms: secure, stabilize  Antonyms: weaken  Example Sentence: The company consolidated its position in the international market.  7. DESPISE (VERB): (घृणा करना): detest  Synonyms: hate, loathe  Antonyms: like  Example Sentence: He despised himself for being selfish.  8. UNRAVEL (VERB): (सुलझाना): solve  Synonyms: resolve, work out  Antonyms: complicate  Example Sentence: They were attempting to unravel the cause of death.  9. PATCHY (ADJECTIVE): (असम): uneven  Synonyms: bitty, varying  Antonyms: uniform  Example Sentence: There was patchy fog in the sky.  10. DISMANTLE (VERB): (विघटित करना): take apart  Synonyms: pull apart, deconstruct  Antonyms: assemble  Example Sentence: The engines were dismantled and the bits piled into a heap.

Current Affairs 1. How much has the loan limit been increased under the Mudra scheme? (a) ₹ 12 lakh (b) ₹ 15 lakh (c) ₹ 20 lakh (d) ₹ 22 lakh (c) ₹ 20 lakh Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman has increased the loan limit under the Mudra scheme to ₹ 20 lakh during the Union Budget 2024, earlier this limit was ₹ 10 lakh. This facility is for those who have previously availed and successfully repaid the loans taken under the Tarun category. It is worth noting that Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman has presented the budget in Parliament on 23 July. 2. Krishnan Venkat Subramaniam has recently been appointed as the CEO and MD of which bank? (a) Federal Bank (b) Union Bank of India (c) Yes Bank (d) Punjab National Bank (a) Federal Bank The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has approved the appointment of Krishnan Venkat Subramaniam as the Managing Director and Chief Executive Officer of Federal Bank. Subramaniam's three-year term will begin from September 23, 2024. Currently Shyam Srinivasan is the MD and CEO of the bank. 3. With whom has NITI Aayog recently collaborated for the Global South Innovation Program? (a) World Bank (b) World Economic Forum (c) WIPO (d) Google (c) WIPO NITI Aayog and the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) have recently signed an agreement under the Global South Innovation Program. Under this program, a joint program will be run in the direction of innovation, entrepreneurship and intellectual property (IP) for the countries of the global south. 4. How many crores of rupees have been allocated for the 'Khelo India' initiative in the Union Budget 2024-25? (a) 700 crores (b) 800 crores (c) 900 crores (d) 1000 crores (c) 900 crores Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman has allocated Rs 3,442 crore to promote sports in the country in the Union Budget 2024-25. Out of which Rs 900 crore has been kept for the 'Khelo India' initiative. Let us tell you that this was the first budget of the third term of the government led by Prime Minister Narendra Modi. 5. How much is the defense budget kept in the Union Budget 2024-25? (a) 6.00 lakh crore (b) 6.22 lakh crore (c) 6.25 lakh crore (d) 6.80 lakh crore (b) 6.22 lakh crore The Ministry of Defence (MoD) has been allocated a record Rs 6.22 lakh crore in the regular Union Budget for the financial year 2024-25, the highest allocation among all ministries. The total allocation is 18.43% higher than the previous financial year, with 27.66% earmarked for capital expenditure. 6. Yuki Bhambri won which doubles title with France's Albano Olivetti? (a) Miami Open (b) Swiss Open (c) Dubai Open (d) None of these (b) Swiss Open Indian tennis player Yuki Bhambri along with Albano Olivetti of France has recently won the doubles title of Swiss Open 2024. Swiss Open Gstaad 2024 was held in the city of Gstaad, Switzerland from 15 to 21 July 2024. It is an ATP 250 event played on clay courts.

Current Affairs 1. Which state government recently launched the Rajiv Gandhi Civil Abhaya Hastham Scheme? [A] Telangana [B] Karnataka [C] Maharashtra [D] Kerala Correct Answer: A [Telangana] Notes: Telangana Chief Minister Revanth Reddy has launched the Rajiv Gandhi Civil Abhaya Hastham Scheme 2024. This scheme provides Rs 1 lakh financial assistance to economically weaker students (EWS/BC/SC/ST) who have passed the UPSC preliminary exam to help them prepare for the mains. The scheme aims to increase the number of civil employees in the state. Eligible students must apply online once the official website is released. 2. Recently, which institute has received the best technology award for its pioneering work in the field of horticultural sciences? [A] Central Institute for Subtropical Horticulture [B] Indian Institute of Spices Research [C] Indian Institute of Horticultural Research [D] Central Institute for Research on Cotton Technology Hide Answer Correct Answer: B [Indian Institute of Spices Research] Notes: The Indian Institute of Spices Research (IISR) received the Best Technology award for its work in horticultural sciences. Union Agriculture Minister Shivraj Singh Chouhan presented the award during ICAR’s 96th Foundation Day. IISR’s award-winning technology, “Process for instant soluble turmeric enriched spice flavoured milk powder,” has been commercialized with Malabar Milk Producers’ Union, resulting in products Golden Milk and Golden Milk Mix. 3. The Remission of Duties and Taxes on Exported Products (RoDTEP) Scheme, recently seen in the news, is a WTO-compliant scheme of which ministry? [A] Ministry of Defence [B] Ministry of Agriculture [C] Ministry of Commerce [D] Ministry of Finance Hide Answer Correct Answer: C [Ministry of Commerce] Notes: The tea industry seeks higher rates under the RoDTEP scheme to boost export competitiveness. RoDTEP, a flagship export promotion scheme by India’s Commerce Ministry, refunds unrelated central, state, and local duties on inputs. Announced in September 2019, it replaced the MEIS scheme following a WTO ruling. Effective January 1, 2021, RoDTEP supports crucial export sectors to enhance competitiveness, create jobs, and promote economic growth, aiming for Aatmanirbhar Bharat. 4. Recently, which former Indian players were inducted into the International Tennis Hall of Fame in Newport, USA? [A] Vijay Amritraj and Leander Paes [B] Ajay Ramaswami and Rohit Rajpal [C] Mahesh Bhupathi and Rohan Bopanna [D] Karan Rastogi and Jay Royappa Hide Answer Correct Answer: A [Vijay Amritraj and Leander Paes] Notes: Indian tennis legends Leander Paes and Vijay Amritraj became the first Indian and Asian men’s tennis players inducted into the International Tennis Hall of Fame, making India the 28th country represented. British sports journalist Richard Evans was also inducted. Paes was honoured in the Player Category, while Amritraj and Evans were recognized in the Contributor Category. The Hall of Fame now includes 267 tennis legends from 28 nations. 5. Rapid Apophis Mission for Space Safety (RAMSES), recently seen in the news, is a planetary defence mission of which space agency? [A] National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) [B] Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) [C] European Space Agency (ESA) [D] Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) Hide Answer Correct Answer: C [European Space Agency (ESA)] Notes: The European Space Agency’s Ramses spacecraft will accompany the asteroid Apophis during its close pass of Earth in 2029. The Rapid Apophis Mission for Space Safety (RAMSES) aims to intercept Apophis, which will pass within 32,000 km of Earth on April 13, 2029. Visible to 2 billion people, this rare event allows researchers to study Apophis’s altered characteristics due to Earth’s gravity, enhancing planetary defence capabilities.