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STOP WAR IN GAZA ❗

Some causes of #High_anion_gap_metabolic_acidosis ; 🍬DR MAPLES🍬 🎾D> DKA 🎾R> Renal 🎾M> Methanol 🎾A> Alcoholic ketoacidosis 🎾P> Paracetamol 🎾L> Lactic acidosis 🎾E> Ethylene glycol 🎾S> Salicylates #blood_gas_analysis #acid_base_balance #biochemistry #anion_gap #acidosis

#Dyslipidemia

#Potassium status is significantly affected in both #acidosis and #alkalosis, as potassium (K⁺) shifts between the intracellular and extracellular compartments depending on pH changes. Here's how potassium is influenced: --- In Acidosis: Mechanism: Excess hydrogen ions (H⁺) enter cells to buffer the increased acidity. To maintain electrical neutrality, potassium ions (K⁺) exit cells. Result: Hyperkalemia (elevated serum K⁺): In acute metabolic or respiratory acidosis, extracellular potassium increases. However, in chronic acidosis (e.g., renal tubular acidosis), total body potassium may be depleted due to urinary potassium loss, despite normal or elevated serum levels. --- In Alkalosis: Mechanism: Hydrogen ions (H⁺) exit cells to counteract the alkalemia. To maintain electrical neutrality, potassium ions (K⁺) move into cells. Result: Hypokalemia (reduced serum K⁺): Serum potassium decreases due to intracellular potassium shift. Additionally, alkalosis increases renal potassium wasting as: Elevated bicarbonate leads to increased potassium loss in urine. Enhanced aldosterone activity (often associated with alkalosis) further promotes potassium excretion. --- Key Points: In acidosis, expect hyperkalemia (acute) or normokalemia/hypokalemia (chronic). In alkalosis, expect hypokalemia, especially if renal excretion of potassium is also increased. This potassium shift impacts cellular function, especially in excitable tissues like the heart and muscles, which can lead to arrhythmias or weakness. #acid_base_balance #acidosis #alkalosis #K #blood_gas_analysis

..... #Amiodarone An iodine containing anti-arrhythmic drug that has complex effects on thyroid metabolism: 🍁inhibition of T4 to T3 conversion. 🍁inhibition of thyroidal iodine uptake. 🍁inhibition of T4 entry to the cell. 🍁may induce destructive thyroiditis. #pharmacology #endocrinology ....

🧩 Medical Mnemonics Chediak-Higashi Syndrome PRESENTATION 🐸 PLAIN 🍂 Progressive neurodegeneration 🍂 Lymphohistiocytosis 🍂 Albinism (partial) 🍂 recurrent pyogenic Infections 🍂 peripheral Neuropathy #immunology 〰〰〰〰〰〰〰〰〰〰〰 ©Medical Mnemonics

Growth hormone stimulatory & inhibitory factors. #Endocrinology

#Pseudo pelger-huet neutrophil Associated with #MDS #Hematology #Pathology

Acute myeloid leukemia (#AML) FAB classification #Hematology #pathology

https://youtu.be/wQ2eCRN02f4?si=O66wSsdKKZ7E4szQ #Hb #Hematology #hematopathology

Chemical mediators of inflammation ,their sources & actions. #pathology #immunology #inflammation

structure of bone marrow #hematology #hematopathology

Mallory bodies (Mallory hyaline) are irregular, ropelike eosinophilic intracytoplasmic strings that represent aggregates of cytokeratin intermediate filaments (cytokeratins 8 and 18). The cytokeratins form a filamentous support network within the hepatocytes.

#Mallory_bodies #histopatholgy #pathology #alcoholic_fatty_liver

Russell bodies are eosinophilic intracytoplasmic globules which are likely the result of disturbed secretion of immunoglobulins that accumulate within the plasma cell. Russell body collections have been identified within the stomach, known as Russell body gastritis #Multiple_myeloma

#Russell_bodies #histopatholgy #pathology #Multiple_myeloma