English by Nitin Sir

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Craze of Students for Sunday Special English Session

🚨 Special English Class Announcement 🚨 Dear Students, 🌟Exclusive English class Session with Nitin sir 🌟 . This special class is dedicated to all students. Special English Class for All Candidates. All Candidates And Also Free For Outsider Candidates. 🔔 Details of the Session 📅 Date: 02 August 2026 ⏰ Time: 11:30 PM to 02:30 PM 🏛 Venue: Hall 1 🎯 Why You Should Attend This session will focus on key English class to help you enhance your understanding and excel in your studies. Don’t miss this golden opportunity to learn from Nitin sir! ⏳ Be Punctual – See You There! Regards, Nitin Sir ✨ Your Path to Success ✨

Prioritizing sensational over accurate content D. Strengthening critical thinking Passage 5 History often celebrates kings, conquerors, and wars, but the quieter forces of change—such as ideas, discoveries, and social movements—have had equally profound impacts. The Renaissance reshaped art and science, the Enlightenment redefined governance, and the suffrage movements transformed gender relations. To focus only on military victories is to miss the deeper currents that truly alter human destiny. Q10. What is the central theme of the passage? A. Wars are more important than ideas B. Social and intellectual movements shape history profoundly C. Military conquests determine the course of history D. Gender relations are unchanging through history Q11. Which of the following is an example of the “quieter forces of change” mentioned? A. French Revolution B. World War I C. Enlightenment D. Napoleonic Wars

Name -……………………… Batch - ……………………… Date - ………………………… Reg. No. - …………………… Topic -  Reading Comprehension I  Passage 1 The Industrial Revolution, beginning in the late 18th century, transformed economies from agrarian to industrial. While it generated unprecedented wealth, it also brought about stark inequalities. The rise of mechanized factories increased production, but workers were subjected to long hours, unsafe conditions, and minimal wages. Reform movements eventually emerged, pressing for labor rights and social justice. Today, debates on automation and artificial intelligence mirror those earlier anxieties, raising the question: Will technology liberate humanity or further deepen inequality? Q1. What was one negative outcome of the Industrial Revolution? A. Rise in agricultural productivity B. Better wages for workers C. Long working hours and unsafe conditions D. Decline in factory-based production Q2. The passage draws a parallel between: A. Industrial Revolution and French Revolution B. Automation today and Industrial Revolution in the past C. Agricultural reform and industrial reform D. Labor rights and human rights Q3. The tone of the passage is: A. Descriptive and neutral B. Optimistic and celebratory C. Cautionary and reflective D. Hostile and aggressive Passage 2 Democracy is often praised as the most inclusive form of governance, yet it is far from perfect. Elections can be swayed by misinformation, voter apathy weakens legitimacy, and money power distorts fairness. Still, democracy allows for self-correction through public debate, activism, and institutional reforms. Unlike authoritarian regimes, where dissent is crushed, democracies provide space for continuous improvement—even if progress is slow and messy. Q4. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a flaw in democracy? A. Misinformation during elections B. Weak legitimacy due to low voter turnout C. Concentration of money power D. Suppression of dissent Q5. The author suggests democracy’s strength lies in: A. Speedy reforms B. Allowing continuous self-correction C. Absence of voter apathy D. Perfection of the electoral process Passage 3 Climate change is no longer a distant threat; it is a lived reality. Rising sea levels, frequent floods, and prolonged droughts are forcing communities to adapt. While developed nations bear historical responsibility for carbon emissions, developing countries face the harsher consequences. The principle of ‘climate justice’ emphasizes that wealthier countries must support vulnerable nations financially and technologically, ensuring that progress for some does not mean catastrophe for others. Q6. The phrase “climate justice” in the passage refers to: A. Penalizing nations with higher populations B. Holding developed nations accountable for supporting developing ones C. Ensuring equal carbon emissions for all countries D. Ignoring historical responsibility of rich nations Q7. Which statement best summarizes the passage? A. Climate change affects only developing nations. B. Developed countries have no role in climate action. C. Climate change demands fairness in responsibility and action. D. Technological progress reduces the impact of climate change. Passage 4 The rapid spread of social media has reshaped how people consume information. While it democratizes communication by giving everyone a voice, it also accelerates the spread of rumors, half-truths, and outright lies. Algorithms prioritize sensational content over accuracy, leading to echo chambers where individuals are exposed only to views that confirm their beliefs. Thus, the digital age has made it both easier to connect and harder to discern truth. Q8. The word “echo chambers” in the passage refers to: A. Places where sound is amplified B. Environments where only similar views are reinforced C. Digital platforms for free debate D. Groups that promote media literacy Q9. According to the passage, a drawback of social media is: A. Giving everyone a platform B. Encouraging diverse perspectives C.

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Computer Networks & Security * Full form of ARPANET: Advanced Research Projects Agency Network. * How many layers in the OSI model? 7 layers. * Layer responsible for routing: Network Layer. * Layer responsible for physical cable connections: Physical Layer. * Full form of TCP/IP: Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol. * Length of an IPv4 address: 32 bits. * Length of an IPv6 address: 128 bits. * Length of a MAC address: 48 bits (6 bytes). * Protocol used for web browsing: HTTP / HTTPS. * Protocol used for sending emails: SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol). * Protocol used for downloading files: FTP (File Transfer Protocol). * Device used to connect two dissimilar networks: Gateway. * A Switch is a: Layer 2 (Data Link) device. * Hub is a: Layer 1 (Physical) device. * A Bridge connects: Two similar LANs. * Phishing is: Fraudulent attempts to obtain sensitive info via email. * Ransomware is: Malware that encrypts data and demands payment. * Full form of URL: Uniform Resource Locator. * Private key in Asymmetric encryption is kept by: The receiver. * Firewall is used for: Network security and packet filtering. VI. Emerging Trends & General IT * Father of Artificial Intelligence: John McCarthy. * Full form of IoT: Internet of Things. * 5Vs of Big Data: Volume, Velocity, Variety, Veracity, Value. * Cloud Service Model IaaS stands for: Infrastructure as a Service. * Example of a SaaS: Google Workspace, Slack. * Natural Language Processing (NLP) is a branch of: AI. * Smart Cities use what for data collection? Sensors. * FOSS stands for: Free and Open Source Software. * Cyber Law in India is governed by: IT Act, 2000. * Digital Footprint is: The trail of data you leave on the internet.

* Night blindness is caused by deficiency of? – Vitamin A. * Unit of Power? – Watt. * Light year is a unit of? – Distance. * Which gas is used in fire extinguishers? – Carbon dioxide (CO_2). * Hardest natural substance? – Diamond. * Master gland of the human body? – Pituitary Gland. * Acid present in ants? – Formic Acid. * Universal donor blood group? – O negative (O-). * Instrument to measure earthquake? – Seismograph. * Process by which plants make food? – Photosynthesis. * Full form of ISRO? – Indian Space Research Organisation. * Main component of LPG? – Butane and Propane. * Invention of Telephone? – Alexander Graham Bell. * What is the PH of pure water? – 7. * Disease caused by Insulin deficiency? – Diabetes. * 'Invar Missile' is which type of missile? – Anti-tank guided missile. * Which metal is liquid at room temperature? – Mercury. * Study of Fungi is called? – Mycology. * Which vitamin helps in blood clotting? – Vitamin K. V. Current Affairs & General Awareness (2025-2026) * Who won the Squash World Cup 2025? – India. * India's 2026 G20 Presidency host? – South Africa (India hosted in 2023). * Who is the current Education Minister of India? – Dharmendra Pradhan (as of early 2026). * Winner of the Nobel Peace Prize 2025? – Nihon Hidankyo. * "Project Cheetah" was launched in which National Park? – Kuno National Park. * First state to implement NEP 2020 at Balvatika level? – Uttarakhand. * Inaugural recipient of Khel Ratna? – Viswanathan Anand. * Full form of DIKSHA portal? – Digital Infrastructure for Knowledge Sharing. * Host of the 2026 FIFA World Cup? – USA, Canada, and Mexico. * Currency of Japan? – Yen. * Capital of Ukraine? – Kyiv. * International Yoga Day date? – June 21. * World Environment Day theme 2025? – (Varies, usually focused on Land Restoration). * Who wrote 'Wings of Fire'? – Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam. * Headquarters of WHO? – Geneva, Switzerland. * First woman President of India? – Pratibha Patil. * UNESCO World Heritage Site added in 2025? – (Check for latest e.g., Moidams in Assam). * National Voters Day? – January 25. * CEO of Google? – Sundar Pichai. * Ninth Five Year Plan objective? – Growth with Social Justice and Equality.

I. Indian Polity & Constitution * Who is the Chairman of the Rajya Sabha? – The Vice President of India. * Which Article is the "Heart and Soul" of the Constitution? – Article 32 (Right to Constitutional Remedies). * What is the minimum age for the President of India? – 35 years. * Who was the Chairman of the Drafting Committee? – Dr. B.R. Ambedkar. * Which Amendment added "Secular" to the Preamble? – 42nd Amendment Act (1976). * Total number of Schedules in the Constitution? – 12. * Which Part of the Constitution deals with Fundamental Rights? – Part III. * Who appoints the Chief Justice of India? – The President. * "Rule of Law" is borrowed from which country? – Great Britain. * Article 51A deals with what? – Fundamental Duties. * Maximum gap between two sessions of Parliament? – 6 months. * The 73rd Amendment is related to? – Panchayati Raj. * Joint sitting of Parliament is presided over by? – Speaker of Lok Sabha. * First state formed on a linguistic basis? – Andhra Pradesh (1953). * Election Commission of India is under which Article? – Article 324. * Directive Principles of State Policy are borrowed from? – Ireland. * Which body is known as the 'Guardian of the Constitution'? – The Supreme Court. * The 10th Schedule deals with? – Anti-defection law. * Concept of 'Single Citizenship' is borrowed from? – United Kingdom. * Who is the ex-officio Chairman of NITI Aayog? – The Prime Minister. II. Indian History & National Movement * Who founded the Indian National Congress (INC)? – A.O. Hume. * First President of the INC? – W.C. Bonnerjee. * Partition of Bengal took place in which year? – 1905 (Lord Curzon). * Who gave the slogan "Swaraj is my birthright"? – Bal Gangadhar Tilak. * The Simon Commission arrived in India in? – 1928. * Who founded the 'Azad Hind Fauj'? – Rash Behari Bose (led later by Subhas Chandra Bose). * The Dandi March started from? – Sabarmati Ashram. * Gandhiji’s first Satyagraha in India? – Champaran Satyagraha (1917). * Who is known as the 'Iron Man of India'? – Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel. * Non-Cooperation Movement was withdrawn after? – Chauri Chaura incident (1922). * Who wrote the book 'Poverty and Un-British Rule in India'? – Dadabhai Naoroji. * First Governor-General of Independent India? – Lord Mountbatten. * First Indian Governor-General? – C. Rajagopalachari. * Who started the 'Home Rule League' in 1916? – Annie Besant and Tilak. * The Battle of Plassey was fought in? – 1757. * Who was the Mughal Emperor during the Revolt of 1857? – Bahadur Shah Zafar. * "Do or Die" slogan was given during which movement? – Quit India Movement (1942). * Who founded the Brahmo Samaj? – Raja Ram Mohan Roy. * Who is known as 'Frontier Gandhi'? – Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan. * The Cabinet Mission came to India in? – 1946. III. Geography & Environment * Which planet is known as Earth’s Twin? – Venus. * Highest peak in India? – Kanchenjunga (K2 is in PoK). * Longest river in India? – Ganga. * Which state has the longest coastline? – Gujarat. * What is the standard time meridian of India? – 82°30' E. * State with the highest forest cover (Area-wise)? – Madhya Pradesh. * Kaziranga National Park is famous for? – One-horned Rhinoceros. * Largest planet in our Solar System? – Jupiter. * 'Tsangpo' is the name of which river in Tibet? – Brahmaputra. * Which line divides India and China? – McMahone Line. * Major producer of Saffron in India? – Jammu & Kashmir. * The Sundarbans Delta is formed by which rivers? – Ganga and Brahmaputra. * Percentage of Nitrogen in the atmosphere? – 78%. * First National Park in India? – Jim Corbett National Park. * Operation Flood is related to? – Milk production. * Largest freshwater lake in India? – Wular Lake (J&K). * State with the highest literacy rate? – Kerala. * Which layer of atmosphere contains the Ozone layer? – Stratosphere. * Dams on Krishna River? – Nagarjuna Sagar Dam. * Equinox occurs on? – March 21 and September 23. IV. General Science & Technology * Chemical name of Vitamin C? – Ascorbic Acid.

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