CA Sumit Sharma

🚨 BIG NEWS FOR JIO FINANCIAL SERVICES! 🏦 Bank of America × Jio Financial Services Bank of America has entered into a Joint Venture Agreement with Jio Financial Services to acquire up to 49.9% in Jio Credit Limited, Jio Financial Services’ wholly owned NBFC subsidiary. 💰 Deal Value: ₹18,268 crore (~$1.9 billion) 📊 Initial Stake: 26.5% 📈 Potential Stake: Up to 49.9% through warrants 🏦 Structure: Preferential allotment of equity shares & warrants Jio Credit had built an AUM of ₹30,667 crore as of June 30, 2026, within just two years of operations. Why does this deal matter? 🔹 For Jio Financial Services: Significant capital infusion to accelerate Jio Credit’s lending business. 🔹 For Bank of America: A strategic entry into India’s rapidly expanding digital lending and NBFC ecosystem. 🔹 For the Indian financial sector: A major cross-border financial partnership combining Jio’s digital reach & local market expertise with BofA’s global financial-services capabilities.

Sebi’s tighter futures and options rules since November 2024 reduced retail investors’ total losses to ₹91,685 crore in FY26 from ₹1.11 lakh crore in FY25. However, average loss per investor rose to ₹1.2 lakh. Retail trader participation and trading turnover also declined, indicating lower speculative activity in equity derivatives.

Finance Ministry has released the data showing net losses for retail traders fell to ₹91,685 crore in FY26 from ₹1.12 lakh crore in FY25 Government is stating they were able to reduce the loss of retail traders by increasing STT and margin requirements This conclusion is missing four important points : 1. STT Collection : The greed of collecting STT from traders is at an all-time high. Government's collection from STT has increased from 6,634 Crores in FY 22 to 27,695 Crores in FY26. The important point here is that fewer traders are paying more STT now, which actually hits the P&L statement. STT Collection has increased by 318% in comparison to 35% growth in India's GDP in 4 years. 2. Active Traders: India witnessed exponential growth in the number of F&O Traders. We went from 42.74 lacs to 98.1 lacs in just 4 years. The number has now fallen from 98.1 lacs to 78.6 lacs in just 1 year. These ~20 lacs are now moving onto more risky platforms, which include crypto platform offerings with 100 times leverage and India is still losing net money. We may see rise in dabba trading culture too. 3. Average P&L : We managed to reduce the number of traders but the average loss for traders has increased from ₹ 1,13,913 to ₹ 1,16,913. This shows that the average trader is now losing more money due to new regulations. 4. Milking STT : Government has further increased STT on futures and options by 150% and 50%, respectively, in the 2026 budget. This is effectively equivalent to milking traders for just participating in markets, as you pay STT on the transaction irrespective of loss or profit. Market Participants lost 91,685 Crores in F&O, but 27,696 was collected by the government in the form of STT India's top 5 brokers made a cumulative profit of 10,300 Crores in FY2025 and the government made 22,225 Crores during the same period from charges on transactions only The job of the government is to regulate markets instead of thinking of it as free money for their revenue collection to distribute it as freebies to win elections STT is very close to paying protection money on F&O & equity transactions without any protection benefits If we really want to make Indian markets efficient and turn them into a global hub, we need to address the unfair charges on market participants

*A father gifted his residential property to his son. No tax was paid then, since gifts between father and son are fully exempt.* Years later, when the son sold the property, he got a capital gains tax bill for lakhs. Here is why. The gift itself was never taxable. The tax only shows up on sale, and the calculation carries forward two things from the father. ➡️First, the cost of acquisition. It is not zero, and not the value on the gift date. It is what the father originally paid. ➡️Second, the holding period. The son does not start counting from the date of the gift. The father's original holding period gets added to his. If the father bought the property before 23 July 2024, the son also gets a choice at sale, comparing 20% tax with indexation against 12.5% without, and picking whichever is lower. *The lesson:* a tax free gift can still lead to a real capital gains bill, calculated using someone else's numbers from years, sometimes decades, ago. Keep the original owner's purchase documents. They matter more than people think.

One Nation One Market One Tax One Demand - Bribe

8.67 crore ITRs filed in FY 2025-26. India’s population: *nearly 148 crore.* That’s roughly *1 in every 17 Indians* filing an ITR.

📢 *ब्रेकिंग न्यूज़* 💸 *अब ₹10 और ₹20 के आएंगे पॉलीमर नोट, सरकार ने दोनों के 1-1 अरब नए नोट खरीदने की दी मंजूरी* ▶️ *₹10-₹20 के पॉलीमर नोटों का होगा फील्ड ट्रायल* भारतीय रिजर्व बैंक (RBI) के सेंट्रल बोर्ड की सिफारिश के बाद सरकार ने 10 रुपये और 20 रुपये के पॉलीमर बैंक नोटों का फील्ड ट्रायल करने की मंजूरी दे दी है। इसके तहत 10 रुपये और 20 रुपये के 1-1 अरब पॉलीमर नोट बाजार में उतारे जाएंगे। यह प्रस्ताव *रिजर्व बैंक ऑफ इंडिया एक्ट, 1934 के सेक्शन 25* के तहत तैयार किया गया था। अगर ये फील्ड ट्रायल सफल रहते हैं, तो पॉलीमर नोटों को नियमित रूप से जारी किया जाएगा।

https://drive.google.com/file/d/1GjP9Muwv2ntJBE04W7Wt-i6zR6HNKaUh/view

Parliament passed the MSMED Amendment Bill, 2026, introducing online dispute resolution, strict mediation and arbitration timelines, easier dues recovery, mandatory TReDS routing for CPSE invoices, and graded civil penalties, though smaller MSMEs remain concerned. *Opinion* : The real challenge is implementation; even Section 43B provisions on MSME payments are still not being effectively enforced on the ground.

ESOP Buyback Taxed as Capital Gains, Not Salary: What a Recent Tribunal Ruling Means for Startup Employees The Income Tax Appellate Tribunal, Bangalore Bench, has ruled on an important question for anyone holding vested but unexercised stock options: does tax arise at vesting, or only at exercise? The Case Pramod Kumar Jain, a Flipkart Internet Private Limited employee, held vested but unexercised stock options under the company's 2012 ESOP plan. Flipkart's Singapore parent repurchased 2,653 of these options for Rs 2.33 crore. Jain reported this as long term capital gains, but his employer had already deducted TDS on it as salary. The Assessing Officer relied on that Form 16 treatment and reclassified the amount as a salary perquisite. The Commissioner of Income Tax Appeals agreed, so Jain appealed to the ITAT. The Ruling The tribunal held that an unexercised option is only a right to acquire shares in future, not a security the employee already owns, and that no salary perquisite can arise before shares are actually allotted. It further held that repurchasing unexercised options amounts to a transfer of a capital asset under Section 45, bringing the payout within the capital gains regime. Both lower authorities were reversed, and the amount was confirmed as long term capital gains. Why It Matters The classification carries a real financial difference. Salary can be taxed at slab rates exceeding 35 percent with surcharge and cess, while long term capital gains are generally taxed at a flat 12.5 percent without indexation. On Rs 1 crore, that gap can exceed Rs 20 lakh, depending on income level and surcharge slab. A Caveat This is fact specific, not a blanket rule. It applies where options were vested, never exercised, and bought back for consideration. Delhi, Karnataka, and Madras High Courts have ruled differently on similar Flipkart payouts, so this remains a contested area, and a tribunal order carries less weight than a High Court ruling. Takeaway Don't assume your employer's Form 16 has classified an ESOP buyback correctly. Vesting and exercise are legally distinct events, and this case shows even Flipkart's own TDS treatment did not hold up at the tribunal. Case: Pramod Kumar Jain vs DCIT, ITAT Bangalore Bench, ITA 3034/BANG/2025

🚨For FY 2025-26 Guidance Note on Financial Statements of Non-Corporate Entities and GN on FS of LLP shall be applicable only to entities whose turnover > Rs. 5 crore FY 26-27 onwards applicable to all entities Prudent decision

CC Limit: व्यापार की 'वैसाखी' या 'पैरों की बेड़ियाँ'? तय आपको करना है! एक CA होने के नाते अक्सर देखता हूँ कि व्यापारी भाई Cash Credit (CC) लिमिट को 'सुविधा' समझकर शुरू करते हैं, लेकिन धीरे-धीरे यह उनकी 'जरूरत' और फिर एक कभी न खत्म होने वाली 'आदत' बन जाती है। ज़रा ठंडे दिमाग से इस गणित को समझिये: 1. ये 'अपना' पैसा नहीं, 'किराये' का है: लोग भूल जाते हैं कि CC लिमिट पर लगा ब्याज आपके मुनाफे को दीमक की तरह चाट रहा है। अगर आपकी 1 करोड़ की लिमिट है और आप उसे हमेशा फुल रखते हैं, तो साल का ₹10-12 लाख तो आप सिर्फ बैंक को अमीर बनाने के लिए कमा रहे हैं। क्या आपने कभी सोचा है कि आप बैंक के 'बिना पगार वाले कर्मचारी' बन चुके हैं? 2. 'Parking Slot' की तरह इस्तेमाल करें, 'Permanent Garage' नहीं: CC का असली मकसद था—माल खरीदा तो पैसा निकाला, माल बिका तो पैसा वापस अंदर! लेकिन होता क्या है? पैसा एक बार बाहर निकला तो फिर वो कभी अंदर जाता ही नहीं। लोग इसे 'Term Loan' की तरह इस्तेमाल करने लगते हैं, जबकि इसका ब्याज उससे कहीं ज्यादा होता है। 3. हर साल बढ़ती लिमिट—तरक्की या जाल? ज़्यादातर व्यापारी खुश होते हैं कि बैंक ने उनकी लिमिट बढ़ा दी। पर भाई साहब, लिमिट बढ़ना मतलब आपके सिर पर कर्ज का बोझ बढ़ना है। अगर आपका धंधा 10 साल बाद भी बैंक की उधारी पर ही टिका है, तो असल में आपने कमाया क्या? 4. ब्याज का 'चक्रव्यूह': CC पर ब्याज 'Daily Basis' पर लगता है। अगर आप प्लानिंग से चलें और ज़रूरत न होने पर पैसा खाते में वापस डाल दें, तो आप लाखों का ब्याज बचा सकते हैं। पर हम क्या करते हैं? फालतू पड़ा पैसा भी सेविंग अकाउंट में रखते हैं और CC को माइनस में चलने देते हैं। यह फाइनेंशियल सुसाइड है! CA की सलाह CC लिमिट को एक 'Safety Net' की तरह रखें, 'Oxygen Mask' की तरह नहीं। कोशिश कीजिये कि साल में कम से कम दो बार आपकी सीसी लिमिट 'Nil' या 'Credit Balance' में आए। अगर ऐसा नहीं हो पा रहा, तो समझ जाइये कि आपका बिजनेस मॉडल खतरे में है। याद रखिये: बैंक का पैसा व्यापार को 'रफ़्तार' देने के लिए होना चाहिए, व्यापार को 'जिंदा' रखने के लिए नहीं। अपनी बैलेंस शीट सुधारिये, बैंक की नहीं! ✍️

🔹 AIF Category: Category III AIF (Hedge Funds, Long-Short) 🏢 Tax Structure: Fund-level taxation — AIF pays tax before distributing 💰 Effective Tax Rate: ~42.74% (maximum marginal rate including surcharge and cess for trusts) ⚠️ Notes: Least tax-efficient structure. Gains taxed at ~42.74% before investor gets returns. No STT benefit. 🔹 AIF Category: Long-Term Capital Gains within Cat I/II 🔄 Tax Structure: Pass-through 💰 Effective Tax Rate: 12.5% (if listed) or at slab rate (if unlisted/private) 📖 Notes: Unlisted securities held >24 months qualify as LTCG 🔹 AIF Category: Distribution to investors (post-tax) 🔄 Tax Structure: Generally not taxed again 💰 Effective Tax Rate: – 📖 Notes: For pass-through entities, income already taxed in investor’s hands on accrual basis ⚠️ Disclaimer This document is prepared solely for educational and informational purposes and should not be construed as tax, legal, investment, or financial advice. Tax provisions are summarized based on the Income-tax Act, 1961, Finance Act 2024 amendments, applicable SEBI regulations, and publicly available information as of August 2026. Tax laws are subject to change and individual tax outcomes may vary depending on an investor’s residential status, income, holding pattern, and specific circumstances. Investors are advised to consult a qualified Chartered Accountant or tax advisor before taking any investment or tax-related decisions.

*📌 Comparative Tax Rules for Mutual Funds, SIF, PMS & AIF* 📌 Comparative Tax Rules for Mutual Funds, SIF, PMS & AIF 🏦 Mutual Fund — Taxation 🔹 Fund Type: Equity Fund (≥65% equity) ⏳ Holding Period: ≤ 12 months (STCG) 💰 Tax Rate: 20% flat 📖 Notes: Section 111A; STT must be paid 🔹 Fund Type: Equity Fund (≥65% equity) ⏳ Holding Period: > 12 months (LTCG) 💰 Tax Rate: 12.5% on gains > ₹1.25 lakh/year 📖 Notes: Section 112A; ₹1.25L exemption per financial year across all equity LTCG 🔹 Fund Type: Debt Fund (bought on/after Apr 1, 2023) ⏳ Holding Period: Any holding period 💰 Tax Rate: Slab rate (income tax slab) 📖 Notes: No LTCG benefit; no indexation. All gains treated as STCG. 🔹 Fund Type: Debt Fund (bought before Apr 1, 2023) ⏳ Holding Period: > 24 months (LTCG) 💰 Tax Rate: 12.5% without indexation 📖 Notes: For redemptions on/after July 23, 2024 🔹 Fund Type: Hybrid Fund (65–80% equity) ⏳ Holding Period: Same as equity fund rules 💰 Tax Rate: As above 📖 Notes: Taxed like equity fund 🔹 Fund Type: Hybrid / Balanced Fund (<65% equity) ⏳ Holding Period: Any holding period 💰 Tax Rate: Slab rate 📖 Notes: Taxed as debt/specified MF 🔹 Fund Type: ELSS (Equity Linked Savings Scheme) 🔒 Holding Period: 3 years mandatory lock-in 💰 Tax Rate: 12.5% LTCG on gains > ₹1.25L 📖 Notes: ₹1.5L deduction under Section 80C on investment 🔹 Fund Type: Dividend (IDCW) — all funds ⏳ Holding Period: Any 💰 Tax Rate: Added to income; taxed at slab rate 📖 Notes: TDS @10% if dividend > ₹10,000/year 🔹 Fund Type: International / FOF Funds ⏳ Holding Period: > 24 months (LTCG) 💰 Tax Rate: 12.5% without indexation 📖 Notes: Holding period changed to 24 months in Budget 2024 🏛️ SIF — Taxation 🔹 Strategy Type: Equity-oriented SIF (≥65% equity) ⏳ Holding Period: ≤ 12 months (STCG) 💰 Tax Rate: 20% flat 📖 Notes: Same as equity mutual fund — Section 111A 🔹 Strategy Type: Equity-oriented SIF (≥65% equity) ⏳ Holding Period: > 12 months (LTCG) 💰 Tax Rate: 12.5% on gains > ₹1.25 lakh/year 📖 Notes: Same as equity mutual fund — Section 112A 🔹 Strategy Type: Debt-oriented SIF ⏳ Holding Period: Any 💰 Tax Rate: Slab rate 📖 Notes: Same as debt mutual fund (post-April 2023 rules) 🔹 Strategy Type: Dividends / IDCW ⏳ Holding Period: Any 💰 Tax Rate: Slab rate 📖 Notes: Taxed in investor’s hands; TDS @10% if > ₹5,000/year 📈 PMS — Taxation 🔹 Security Type: Listed Equity (held in PMS) ⏳ Holding Period: ≤ 12 months (STCG) 💰 Tax Rate: 20% flat 📖 Notes: Every buy/sell by PMS manager is a taxable event for the investor 🔹 Security Type: Listed Equity (held in PMS) ⏳ Holding Period: > 12 months (LTCG) 💰 Tax Rate: 12.5% on gains > ₹1.25 lakh/year 📖 Notes: Section 112A; LTCG exemption applies 🔹 Security Type: Debt/Bonds in PMS ⏳ Holding Period: Any 💰 Tax Rate: Slab rate (post-April 2023) 📖 Notes: If bought after April 1, 2023 — taxed as income 🔹 Security Type: PMS Management Fee ⏳ Holding Period: – 💰 Tax Rate: Deductible against STCG 📖 Notes: Fee (excl. STT, GST) can be claimed as deduction against capital gains — partial tax relief 🔹 Security Type: Portfolio Churning Caution ⏳ Holding Period: – 💰 Tax Rate: Higher effective tax ⚠️ Notes: Frequent trades = STCG at 20%; reduces net returns significantly 🏢 AIF — Taxation 🔹 AIF Category: Category I AIF (VC, Angel, Infrastructure) 🔄 Tax Structure: Pass-through — investor pays tax, not the fund 💰 Effective Tax Rate: At investor’s individual applicable rates (LTCG/STCG/income slab) 📖 Notes: Income retains its character (capital gain, dividend, etc.) when passed to investors 🔹 AIF Category: Category II AIF (PE, Real Estate, Debt Funds) 🔄 Tax Structure: Pass-through — investor pays tax, not the fund 💰 Effective Tax Rate: At investor’s individual applicable rates 📖 Notes: Business income exception: if AIF earns business income, taxed at fund level at maximum marginal rate

🏠 ITAT Chennai Deletes Addition on Cash Deposits Sourced from Property Sale (AY 2017-18) In a recent order (ITA No. 264/Chny/2026 dated 22.07.2026), the ITAT Chennai Bench deleted an addition of ₹76.45 lakh made u/s 69 r.w.s. 115BBE. The assessee successfully explained that the cash deposits during FY 2016-17 were sourced from the sale consideration of an immovable property, which was received entirely in cash in February 2014 and duly supported by registered sale deeds. Practical takeaways from the ruling 🏛️ Once the original source is established through registered documents and the Revenue does not dispute the transaction or cash receipt, the burden shifts. The Revenue must bring positive evidence to show that the cash was utilised elsewhere. Mere disbelief or suspicion is not enough. ⏳ A time gap of 2–3 years between receipt of cash and its subsequent deposit in the bank is not fatal by itself. Mere passage of time, without contrary evidence, cannot automatically disprove the availability of the cash

There has been considerable discussion around UPI and merchant charges. Here are the facts behind the conversation what it means for consumers, merchants, and India's digital payment ecosystem. 1. Will I have to pay to use UPI? No. UPI has always been free for consumers since its launch in 2016. Every Indian can continue making instant digital payments without paying any transaction charges. 2. Will small shopkeepers or kirana stores be charged for accepting UPI? No. Small merchants are not required to pay any charges (MDR) to accept UPI payments. UPI was designed to make digital payments accessible for even the smallest businesses across India, and protecting small merchants remains central to the ecosystem's inclusive growth. 3. Why is there a discussion around UPI charges now? UPI has evolved from a new payment platform into the world's largest real-time payment system. As the ecosystem continues to expand, discussions are taking place on how to sustainably support the infrastructure that enables billions of secure transactions every month, while continuing to ensure that consumers and small merchants remain protected. 4. Who built and continues to invest in UPI? For nearly 10 years, banks, payment companies, fintechs, NPCI and RBI have collectively invested in technology, cybersecurity, fraud prevention, innovation and customer support to build one of the safest and most reliable payment systems in the world. These investments continue every day to keep UPI secure, resilient and available 24×7. 5. If UPI is free, who bears the cost of operating it? Operating a national payment infrastructure involves continuous investment in technology, fraud prevention, cybersecurity, compliance, customer support and innovation. These costs are currently borne by ecosystem participants including banks and payment service providers who continue to invest so consumers can enjoy a safe, secure and seamless payment experience. 6. Would consumers have to pay if large merchants pay for payment acceptance? No. Merchant service charges, where applicable, are commercial arrangements between merchants and payment service providers. They do not mean that consumers pay to use digital payments. Across the world, merchant service charges are a standard feature of digital payment ecosystems, while consumers continue to enjoy convenient and secure digital payment experiences. 7. Why is sustaining the UPI ecosystem important? UPI has become critical national digital infrastructure used by hundreds of millions of Indians every day. As transaction volumes continue to grow, sustained investment in security, resilience, innovation, fraud prevention and infrastructure will remain essential to ensure that UPI continues to serve consumers and businesses reliably for years to come.

*📢 ITR-5 Offline Utility Available | AY 2026-27* The Income Tax Department released the ITR-5 Excel Utility for AY 2026-27 on 07-Jul-2026 (along with the JSON Schema and Validation Rules). 🔗 Download Latest Utility: https://www.incometax.gov.in/iec/foportal/downloads 📌 Ensure that the latest version of the utility is used. ⚙️ For the Excel-based utility, macros must be enabled. ⏳ Taxpayers and professionals are advised to complete preparation of ITR-5 returns at the earliest. *🗓️ Due Date: 31-Aug-2026 for non-audit cases.*

म्यूचुअल फंड के महत्वपूर्ण Risk Ratios: आसान भाषा में समझिए.. किसी भी म्यूचुअल फंड का चुनाव केवल पिछले रिटर्न देखकर नहीं करना चाहिए। यह भी समझना जरूरी है कि उन रिटर्न को पाने के लिए फंड ने कितना जोखिम लिया। यही काम ये Risk Ratios बताते हैं। 1. Standard Deviation (SD) यह बताता है कि फंड के रिटर्न कितने ऊपर-नीचे होते हैं। जितना कम, उतना अच्छा (एक ही श्रेणी के फंडों में तुलना करें)। 2. Beta यह बताता है कि फंड बाजार के मुकाबले कितना उतार-चढ़ाव करता है। 1 = बाजार जितना 1 से कम = कम उतार-चढ़ाव 1 से ज्यादा = ज्यादा उतार-चढ़ाव 3. Alpha यह बताता है कि फंड मैनेजर ने बाजार से बेहतर प्रदर्शन किया या नहीं। Positive और जितना अधिक, उतना बेहतर। 4. Sharpe Ratio जोखिम के मुकाबले कितना अच्छा रिटर्न मिला। जितना अधिक, उतना बेहतर। 5. Sortino Ratio यह केवल नुकसान वाले जोखिम को ध्यान में रखकर रिटर्न मापता है। जितना अधिक, उतना बेहतर। 6. Treynor Ratio बाजार के जोखिम के हिसाब से फंड ने कितना रिटर्न दिया। जितना अधिक, उतना बेहतर। 7. Information Ratio यह बताता है कि फंड ने अपने Benchmark से कितनी लगातार बेहतर कमाई की। जितना अधिक, उतना बेहतर। 8. R-Squared यह बताता है कि फंड अपने Benchmark से कितना मेल खाता है। 85 से ऊपर अच्छा माना जाता है। 9. Upside Capture Ratio जब बाजार बढ़ा, तब फंड ने कितना अच्छा प्रदर्शन किया। 100% से ऊपर अच्छा माना जाता है। 10. Downside Capture Ratio जब बाजार गिरा, तब फंड कितना गिरा। 100% से कम जितना हो, उतना अच्छा। 11. Jensen's Alpha जोखिम को ध्यान में रखते हुए फंड मैनेजर ने कितनी अतिरिक्त कमाई कराई। Positive और जितना अधिक, उतना बेहतर। 12. Tracking Error फंड अपने Benchmark से कितना अलग चलता है। Index Fund में कम होना अच्छा है। 13. Portfolio Turnover Ratio (PTR) फंड कितनी बार अपने शेयर खरीदता और बेचता है। बहुत ज्यादा Turnover से खर्च बढ़ सकता है। 14. Maximum Drawdown फंड अपने सबसे ऊंचे स्तर से अधिकतम कितना गिरा। जितनी कम गिरावट, उतना बेहतर। 15. Calmar Ratio रिटर्न की तुलना अधिकतम गिरावट से करता है। जितना अधिक, उतना बेहतर। 16. Omega Ratio फंड में लाभ और नुकसान का संतुलन बताता है। 1 से ऊपर अच्छा माना जाता है। 17. Correlation दो निवेश एक जैसी दिशा में चलते हैं या नहीं। +1 = साथ-साथ चलते हैं 0 = कोई खास संबंध नहीं -1 = विपरीत दिशा में चलते हैं 18. Rolling Returns फंड ने अलग-अलग समय में कितने लगातार अच्छे रिटर्न दिए। लगातार अच्छे रिटर्न, कभी-कभार के बड़े रिटर्न से बेहतर होते हैं। 19. Active Share फंड Benchmark से कितना अलग निवेश करता है। 80% से ऊपर मतलब वास्तव में Active Fund। 20. Capture Ratio आदर्श फंड वही है जो बढ़ते बाजार में Benchmark से ज्यादा कमाए और गिरते बाजार में उससे कम गिरे। किसी भी म्यूचुअल फंड का फैसला केवल एक Ratio देखकर न करें। हमेशा एक ही श्रेणी (Category) के फंडों की तुलना करें और Risk Ratios के साथ-साथ फंड का प्रदर्शन, पोर्टफोलियो, खर्च (Expense Ratio) और अपने निवेश लक्ष्य को भी ध्यान में रखें। Disclaimer: This content is intended solely for investor education and awareness. The ratios mentioned are only indicators and should not be used in isolation to select or evaluate a mutual fund. Mutual Fund investments are subject to market risks. Please read all scheme-related documents carefully. Past performance may or may not be sustained in the future and is not a guarantee of future returns.

Important Government Websites Every Indian Should Know 🇮🇳 • PAN Card — Protean eGov / UTIITSL • Aadhaar Card — UIDAI • Birth Certificate — Civil Registration System (CRS) • Disability Certificate — UDID / Swavlamban Card • Income Certificate — State Government Portal • Driving Licence — Parivahan Sewa • Passport — Passport Seva • Ration Card — NFSA / State Food Portal • EWS Certificate — State Government Portal • Voter ID Card — Election Commission of India Always use official government portals while applying for important documents online.

UPI users won’t have to pay MDR charges directly. Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman has clarified that the charge, if applicable, will be on merchants and not end users.