Medicine 💜

🌸Bilateral hydronephrosis and hydroureter is a normal finding during pregnancy. When the gravid uterus rises out of the pelvis, it presses on the ureters, causing ureteral dilatation and hydronephrosis. It may also be due to a hormonal effect from progesterone. Ureteral dilatation tends to be greater on the right side due to dextrorotation of the uterus. #OBS-notes

🌸The finding of glucosuria is common during pregnancy and usually is not indicative of any pathology. During pregnancy, there is an increase in the glomerular filtration rate and a decrease in tubular reabsorption of filtered glucose. In fact, one of six women will spill glucose in the urine during pregnancy. #OBS notes

🌸Amniocentesis: performed in the second trimester has been associated with a 1 to 2% risk of amniotic fluid leakage, a fetal loss rate of less than 0.5%, transient transvaginal spotting, a less than 0.1% risk of chorioamnionitis, and a rare risk of cell culture failure. There has not been an association of amniocentesis in the second trimester with fetal limb reduction defects. 🌸Chorionic villus sampling: performed at a gestational age of less than 9 weeks has been associated with fetal limb reduction defects.

Pelvic inflammatory disease is more common in following females

Hurlers syndrome VS Down syndrome

Hurlers syndrome VS Down syndrome

Antidote for warfarin & coumadin

Green strick fracture

Bronchial obstruction

📌 Schitosomasis.

📌Types of patient urachus

📌Patient: 19-year-old university student Chief Complaint: Sore throat and fever for 7 days. 🌿History of Present Illness: The patient presents with a 1-week history of fever, severe sore throat, malaise, and fatigue. He also complains of painful swelling on both sides of the neck and difficulty swallowing. He denies cough or rhinorrhea. He reports that his roommate recently had a similar illness. No recent travel. Past Medical History: No chronic illnesses. No regular medications. No known drug allergies. 🌸Examination: Temperature: 38.8°C Pulse: 96 bpm BP: 118/74 mmHg SpO₂: 99% on room air Bilateral tender posterior cervical lymphadenopathy Enlarged erythematous tonsils with white exudates Mild hepatosplenomegaly No respiratory distress 🌸Investigations: CBC: Lymphocytosis with atypical lymphocytes Monospot (heterophile antibody): Positive EBV VCA IgM: Positive Mildly elevated ALT and AST Rapid strep test: Negative 📌Diagnosis?!

🌸The ampulla is the most common tubal site (about 70%), followed by the isthmus, fimbria, and interstitial (cornual) portion