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162.explanation Correct Answer - A Ans. is 'a' i.e., Oleate Substrate of gluconeogenesis are : *Lactate (lactic acid) *Pyruvate *All amino acids (except leucine and lysine) *Propionate *Intermediates of citric acid cycle *Fatty acids are not substrates for gluconeogenesis. ••Coming to the question *Fatty acids (oleate in the question) is not a substrate for gluconeogenesis. *Succinate is an intermediate of TCA cycle, and is a substrate for gluconeogenesis. *All amino acids (in the question glutamate and aspartate), except leucine and lysine are substrates for gluconeogenesis. Join @BIOCHEMISTRYhubs

161.explanation Correct Answer - B Ans. is 'b' i.e., Citrate. Join @BIOCHEMISTRYhubs

160.explanation Correct Answer - A Ans. 'a' Selenium *Selenium is required for the synthesis of the amino acid selenocysteine. Selenocysteine is present at the active site of several human enzymes that catalyze redox reactions. *Impairments in human selenoproteins have been implicated in tumorigenesis and atherosclerosis, and are associated with selenium deficiency cardiomyopathy (Keshan disease). Join @BIOCHEMISTRYhubs

159.explanation Correct Answer - A Ans. is 'a' i.e., Meat *Vitamin B12 is naturally found in animal products, including fish, meat, poultry, eggs, milk, and milk products. *Vitamin B12 is generally not present in plant foods, but fortified breakfast cereals are a readily available source of vitamin B12 with high bioavailability for vegetarians. •Rich source of vitamin B12→ *Beef, liver, and chicken. *Fish and shellfish such as trout, salmon, tuna fish, and clams. *Fortified breakfast cereal. *Low-fat milk, yogurt, and *cheese. *Eggs. Join @BIOCHEMISTRYhubs

158.explanation Correct Answer - A Ans: A. Plasmid *A cloning vector is a carrier DNA molecule to which human DNA fragment is attached. Normally, foreign DNA fragments cannot self-replicate within the host cell. Therefore, they are joined to a vector DNA, that can replicate within the host cell. The five major types of cloning vectors used are - * Plasmids * Viral vectors/Bacteriophages * Cosmids * Bacterial Artificial Chromosomes (BACs) * Yeast artificial chromosomes (YACs) Join @BIOCHEMISTRYhubs

157.explanation Correct Answer - A Ans. A. Glycine *Creatinine and creatine are synthesized from glycine, arginine, and methionine. ••Synthesis of creatine and creatinine *Creatine and creatinine are not amino acids, but specialized products of amino acids. Creatine is synthesized from glycine, arginine, and methionine. The synthesis starts with the formation of guanidinoacetate from glycine and arginine in the kidney. Further reactions take place in the liver and muscle. Join @BIOCHEMISTRYhubs

156.explanation Correct Answer - B In molecular biology and genetics, splicing is a modification of an RNA after transcription, in which introns are removed and exons are joined. This is needed for the typical eukaryotic messenger RNA before it can be used to produce a correct protein through translation. For many eukaryotic introns, splicing is done in a series of reactions which are catalyzed by the spliceosome a complex of small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (snRNAs), but there are also self-splicing introns. Join @BIOCHEMISTRYhubs