MRCP (Dr. Bhatia Academy)
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доля реакций к просмотрам- 7 авг.In the United Kingdom, what is the most common causative organism in peritoneal dialysis peritonitis?1,82%
- 7 авг.Option A is correct: Coagulase negative Staphylococcus 1. Around 10–30% of cases are culture negative. 2. At 20–25% overall, coagulase negative Staphylococcus is the most commonly cultured organism. 3. With improved hygiene and technique, rates of staphylococcal infection are falling. Intra-abdominal pathology (such as a ruptured viscus) should be considered if more than one organism is grown, especially if Gram-negative or anaerobic. 4. Repeated treatment increases the risk of resistant organisms. 5. This may require loss of catheter and switch to haemodialysis. 6. Coagulase negative Staphylococcus is the most commonly cultured organism in peritoneal dialysis peritonitis. 7. It represents 20–25% of cases. 8. It is a skin commensal that opportunistically causes infection through the catheter site. 9. Enterococcus represents 1–5% of cases and occurs less frequently than coagulase-negative Staphylococcus. 10. Escherichia coli is less common. Overall, Gram-negative organisms represent 10–15% of cases. 11. Pseudomonas represents 5% of cases and occurs less frequently than coagulase-negative Staphylococcus. 12. Staphylococcus aureus represents 10–15% of cases and occurs less frequently than coagulase-negative Staphylococcus.1,02%
- 8 авг.Option B is correct: pCO₂ 6.5 kPa 1. The BTS guidelines on NIV from 2008 recommend considering NIV in patients who present with acute respiratory failure due to COPD and have decompensated respiratory acidosis within 60 minutes of admission, after maximal medical therapy has been instituted. 2. pCO₂ >6.0 fits the criterion for respiratory acidosis and is therefore the correct answer. 3. The criteria for initiating NIV are largely independent of the underlying disease process. 4. pH 6.0 fits the criterion for respiratory acidosis and is therefore the correct answer. 5. According to the guidelines, "maximal medical therapy" is defined as: Controlled oxygen to maintain SaO₂ 88–92% -Nebulised salbutamol 2.5–5 mg -Nebulised ipratropium 500 µg -Prednisolone 30 mg -Antibiotic agent (when indicated)1,01%
- 10 мар. 2023 г."Nothing makes us happier than knowing we've made a positive impact on our students' lives. Thank you for letting us be a part of your journey! 🙌💛 #Grateful #ProudTeachers #StudentSuccess"0,11%
- 07:06https://youtu.be/5AHzSyRRjwc?si=U-sKRsV7BoQsocFA0,00%
- 17 авг.Option E is correct: Transbronchial biopsy 1. A dry cough with the presence of erythema nodosum raises the possibility of sarcoidosis. 2. You are asked to specify the investigation most likely to confirm the diagnosis, as such only transbronchial biopsy will determine whether non-caseating granulomas are present or not. 3. AAFB staining would be confirmatory for a diagnosis of tuberculosis. 4. Given this woman is a solicitor, it is less likely she has had significant TB exposure versus sarcoidosis. 5. Bronchoalveolar lavage may demonstrate increased lymphocytes, although this is a non-specific finding. 6. Serum ACE is raised in 60% of patients with sarcoidosis. 7. Transbronchial biopsy is therefore the definitive route to confirming the diagnosis.0,00%
- 17 авг.Which of the following investigations is most likely to confirm the diagnosis?0,00%
- 17 авг.A 45-year-old woman solicitor presents with shortness of breath and a dry cough. She has been treated by her GP with a salbutamol inhaler but tells you that this has made no difference at all to her symptoms. In addition, she has an itchy raised rash on both shins. On examination her BP is 145/82 mmHg, pulse is 80 and regular. Her BMI is 28. Lungs appear normal on auscultation. There is a rash on her shins consistent with erythema nodosum.0,00%
- 17 авг.https://youtu.be/g1jOLEtaUXw?si=97V7ov8qg1_FlZ-Y0,00%
- 14 авг.https://youtube.com/shorts/cgvVdrRj8BY?si=2uocfM9JgY7f-ItL0,00%
- 14 авг.Option D is correct: Cystic fibrosis 1. One Australian study suggested that colonisation rates for Aspergillus in patients with cystic fibrosis approach 19%. 2. Rates of ABPA however are much lower at around 5%. 3. Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) rates are lower in patients with obstructive lung disease at around 1%. 4. HIV patients with a known history of P. jirovecii are at increased risk of aspergilloma. 5. Bronchial carcinoma is not particularly associated with Aspergillus positivity.0,00%
- 14 авг.You are examining rates of Aspergillus positive sputum samples received at the hospital as part of an audit. With respect to increasing the positive test rate, which of the following is most likely to be associated with Aspergillus colonisation?0,00%