PsychCorner

🗯️HISTORY — DAILY ENTRY 🕰️ 335 BC — Aristotle rejected Plato's view that knowledge is innate.. argued all knowledge comes from sensory experience. ✧ first to systematically observe and classify the natural world. introduced #empiricism .. the idea that evidence not speculation drives understanding. ✧ proposed memory, emotion and perception as interconnected mental processes. first thinker to distinguish sensation from perception. •Plato said knowledge is recollected. •Aristotle said knowledge is built. that debate still runs through psychology today. ° wayOFpsychology °

Psychology Terms — A 🧬A FIBER a myelinated nerve fibre of the somatosensory system. myelination = faster signal transmission. three subtypes by diameter: → Aα (Alpha) — largest. 13-20μm {micrometers} carries proprioception — body position and muscle movement information. → Aβ (Beta) — medium. 6-12μm. carries mechanoreception — touch and pressure from skin. → Aδ (Delta) — smallest. 1-5μm. carries temperature sensation and sharp acute pain. clinical significance: Aδ fibres transmit the immediate sharp pain you feel the moment you're injured. the slower dull aching pain that follows is carried by unmyelinated C fibres — a completely separate system. ° wayOFpsychology °

🗯️Two Psychologists. one question. completely opposite answers. ✧Does Punishment effectively change behaviour?✧ SKINNER said NO punishment suppresses behaviour temporarily. remove the punishment.. behaviour returns. teaches what not to do. never what to do instead. BANDURA said IT DEPENDS. seeing someone else punished — vicarious punishment — changes observer behaviour without direct experience. context and consistency determine effectiveness. The reality is neither fully acknowledged: punishment changes behaviour most reliably when it's immediate, consistent and the individual understands the connection between behaviour and consequence. ✧ in real life .. punishment is rarely immediate, rarely consistent, and the connection is frequently unclear. which is why it fails far more often than either theorist's laboratory suggested. who do you think was closer to the truth? Skinner 👍 Bandura ❤️ ° wayOFpsychology °

🗯️Case Study Saturday #OO4 ✧ THE MAN WHO LIVED THE SAME DAY FOREVER ✧ Clive Wearing — documented by Wilson (1995) 1985 — Before Clive Wearing. 46 years old. world-renowned musicologist and conductor. BBC producer. considered one of the most knowledgeable musicians in Britain. March 1985 — The Infection Herpes encephalitis attacks his brain. specifically — hippocampus and surrounding memory structures. devastated bilaterally within days. The Result memory window of 7 to 30 seconds. every moment feels like waking from unconsciousness for the first time. his diary fills with entries — "8:31am — Now I am really, completely awake." "8:35am — Now I am perfectly awake for the first time." each entry cancels the previous. written continuously. every few minutes. for decades. What Remained → procedural memory — intact. still conducts. still plays piano flawlessly. → emotional memory — intact. when his wife Deborah enters — he weeps with joy. every single time. as if seeing her after years apart. → episodic memory — completely gone. What His Case Proved → hippocampus essential for episodic memory formation → procedural and emotional memory operate through entirely separate neural systems → love can persist without the memory of being loved The Question Worth Sitting With: if Clive experiences genuine joy every time he sees his wife... despite having no memory of her between visits — what does that tell us about where love actually lives in the brain? drop in discussion 👇 ° wayOFpsychology °

https://t.me/+UW5eJQGkNstiYWFl

ANIMATED PSYCHOLOGY LECTURES.🌻 Developmental Psychology: https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PL-eFly0JFqpXrlukYLImOeU994UoRqHwv&si=_rSJdxMbW7nmLGct Cognitive Psychology: https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PL-eFly0JFqpV13C_wC3VVXX1RyF_3onu3&si=iw9FG_nmUREYbnDW Research Methods in Psychology: https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PL-eFly0JFqpWC8pv97r2yKM5EPId4XZe-&si=dSkHKad-OAyTLHhQ Statistics in Psychology: https://youtu.be/Mm-jHEjhFRM?si=FRACiBM9pEPu-zjb Bio Psychology (Neurons) https://youtu.be/TJFYznqRNR8?si=W-EUsSQZ9lotB3wH ° wayOFpsychology °

Behaviourism made one catastrophic assumption the inner life doesn't matter. only observable behaviour does. Watson (1913). Skinner built on it. 🗯️then three things broke it → Tolman (1930) — rats built cognitive maps without reinforcement. learning happened internally. → Chomsky (1959) — language acquisition cannot be explained through conditioning alone. → Bandura (1961) — children learned aggression through observation. no reinforcement required. #behaviourism wasn't wrong about everything. it was just right about too little. react 👍 if you've changed behaviour with zero external reward ° wayOFpsychology °

🗯️your memory has been lying to you your entire life not maliciously. just structurally. #memory isn't a recording. it's a reconstruction. every time you remember something — your brain rebuilds it from fragments, filling gaps with assumptions, current emotions and existing beliefs. ✧ Bartlett (1932) proved this — participants recalling a story changed details unconsciously every single time. making it fit their own cultural framework. their own expectations. the memory felt accurate. it wasn't. ✧ this means every argument you've replayed in your head .. every childhood moment you're certain about... every conversation you swear happened a specific way .. is a reconstruction. not a recording. ✧ you've never remembered anything exactly as it happened. nobody has.✧ react ♥️ if this just made you question a memory you were certain about ° wayOFpsychology ° 🚀BoosT

🗯️ THEY HID THIS STUDY FOR DECADES ✧ 1939. University of Iowa. 22 orphaned children. no parents. no protection. • WENDELL JOHNSON• divided them into two groups — one received praise for fluent speech, the other was repeatedly told they were stutterers. even the ones who spoke perfectly fine. ✧ the second group deteriorated. speech problems developed where none existed. psychological damage that lasted lifetimes. ✧ Johnson's team buried it — terrified of comparison to #Nazi experimentation happening simultaneously. ✧ the University of Iowa apologised in 2001. 62 years later. ✧ proving one thing clearly telling a child something is wrong with them can make it become true.  #CaseStudy #Psychology Image - https://cvltnation.com/

• CONCEPTS • Proximity Effect (Leon Festinger) Physical closeness increases the likelihood of forming relationships. Framing Effect (Amos Tversky & Daniel Kahneman) Decisions are influenced by how information is presented, such as a gain or loss frame. Deindividuation (Philip Zimbardo) Loss of self-awareness in groups, leading to impulsive or deviant acts. Cognitive Appraisal Theory (Richard Lazarus) Emotions arise from personal interpretations of events, not the events themselves. Spotlight Effect (Thomas Gilovich) Overestimating how much others notice our actions, appearance, or mistakes. Hyperbolic Discounting (George Ainslie) Preferring smaller, immediate rewards over larger, delayed ones, explaining impulsive behaviors. Social Facilitation (Norman Triplett) Presence of others improves performance on simple tasks but hinders on complex ones. Self-Fulfilling Prophecy (Robert K. Merton) Expectations influence behavior, causing the expectation to become reality. Stereotype Threat (Claude Steele) Fear of confirming negative stereotypes hinders performance. Fundamental Attribution Error (Lee Ross) Overemphasizing personality traits while underestimating situational factors in judging others' behaviors. Barnum Effect (Bertram Forer) Believing vague, general statements (like horoscopes) are tailored specifically to oneself. ° wayOFsychology °

Need some study material? This link connects you to a vast collection of Psychology ebooks for all your learning needs!👇 https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1RfjNN5p9huSkSIs_rfocZEcFbCqgutyC?usp=sharing

✧ Contribution of Lev Vygotsky to Concept Formation ✧ - °°Social Emphasis Vygotsky highlighted that concept formation is a team effort, shaped through interaction with others. - °°Hierarchy Development He proposed that general concepts form before specific ones, creating a #hierarchical structure. °°Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD) Vygotsky introduced the idea of ZPD, emphasizing the space between what one can do alone and what is achievable with guidance. It underscores the role of support in concept development. ° wayOFpsychology °

📍The "What" vs. The "So What"📍 ​1. Descriptive Stats (The "What") This simply summarizes your sample data. • ​MEAN: The average score of your group. •​STANDARD DEVIATION (SD): How much your participants' scores vary from that average. 🗯️​WHY IT MATTERS: It gives you a quick snapshot of your data before you dive into the math. ​2. Inferential Stats (The "So What?") This is how we draw conclusions beyond just our group. • ​P-values: The "gatekeeper." If it’s < 0.05, your result is usually considered statistically significant (not just a fluke). •​Confidence Intervals: A range that tells you where the "true" population value likely falls. 🗯️​Why it matters: It helps you decide if your findings are meaningful enough to be applied to the real world. IN SHORT: Descriptive tells you what happened, while Inferential tells you why it matters.

📍YOUR BRAIN RUNS ON CHEMICALS. when they go wrong — everything changes. Parkinson's — dopamine drops body loses its instruction system tremors. rigidity. slow movement. Alzheimer's — acetylcholine disappears memories stop forming the person stays. the self slowly goes. Schizophrenia — dopamine floods wrong pathways brain creates its own reality delusions. hallucinations. disorganised thinking. Depression — serotonin and norepinephrine drop brain loses ability to feel forward not sadness. emptiness. Anxiety — GABA falls brain's off switch stops working everything feels like a threat. Bipolar — dopamine and serotonin swing wildly highs that feel like superpowers lows that feel unsurvivable. Epilepsy — electrical storm in the brain body loses all voluntary control temporarily. MS — immune system attacks its own myelin messages between brain and body get lost in translation. Huntington's — single genetic mutation brain cells slowly die no treatment. purely inherited. ALS — motor neurons degenerate mind stays completely sharp. body stops responding. one function at a time. one organ. ten ways it breaks. ten completely different lives. ° wayOFpsychology °

You can still be mysterious after over sharing cause in that moment everyone is thinking "why would she/he say that" 👇👇👇 °•° helpiingsoul °•°

#Psychology_handwritten #Notes.pdf

💡 ONE IDEA BEFORE SLEEP The version of you that says "I'M FINE" and the version that isn't — are both trying to protect something. Just different things. ♥️

The version of you that formed under pressure. Every Coping Mechanism you have made perfect sense when you developed it. Shutting down emotionally — protected you when expressing emotion was unsafe. ✧ People-pleasing — kept the peace when conflict was dangerous. ✧ Hypervigilance — kept you prepared when your environment was unpredictable. THEY WERE SOLUTIONS. The problem is they're still running in situations that don't require them anymore. You're Not Broken. You're running old software in a new environment. The update isn't Self-criticism. It's recognising which responses belong to them — and which belong to now. #Psychology

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