🧬📚🏺📜 Steppe Archive

An Old Turkic Board Game Köçürme is an Old Turkic board game belonging to the mancala family. Mancala games are two-player, turn-based strategy games typically played with small stones, beans, seeds, or similar pieces, which are distributed among rows of holes or pits arranged in the ground, on a board, or on another playing surface. It is attested in Maḥmūd al-Kāshgharī’s Dīwān Lughāt al-Turk. Al-Kāshgharī defines the game as follows: Köçürme (كُجُرمَا), Köçürme oyun (كُجُرمَا اُيُن): A game also known as ondört (“fourteen”). Four lines are drawn on the ground in the shape of a fortress, within which ten “gates” are made. The game is played on these gates using hazelnuts or other similar objects. Variants of this game continue to be played today in Kazakhstan as Toğız Qumalaq, in Kyrgyzstan as Toğuz Qorğool, and in Turkey as Mangala. Kâşgarlı Mahmud. 1939. Divanü Lûgat-it-Türk Tercümesi. Çev. Besim Atalay.

📊 Complete Y-dna breakdown of Yörük Turks from Türkiye 🇹🇷 Sample size: 314 Most common Haplogroup: J2, R1a, N 📚Data used: Turkic DNA project https://t.me/turkicdnadatabase 🗂 Pie chart and main quality files: https://t.me/IranicDNA_P/21?single 🧬 T.me/Iranic_dna 🔗 https://iranicdna.com 🌐 https://x.com/Iranicdna

Субклад R1b-L1433 является свойственным для казахов из рода Кара-кыпшак, имеет происхождение связанное с Одинцовской культурой лесостепного Алтая, что интересно как и клада R-Y20750 что было указано выше имеет сереьезный аутосомный вклад связанный с группой(WSHG) как Ботайская культура, позже в результате смешивание с группой тюрок из Севернего Казахстана образовалось Сросткинская/Кимакская кульутра что дало широкое распространение этого субклада по всему ареалу где находилось кипчакоязычное население, в этом субкладе также ногайские кипчаки, башкирские Карагай-кыпсаки и тамьяны, каракалпакске кыпшаки (Канлы и Канжигалы), канлы (Иргекли), ногайские кипчаки и канлы(Терекли-Мектеба), касимовские кипчаки(Тонкачевы), кыргызские кипчаки(Торуайгыр и Кызылаяк), Узбекские кипчаки(Жети-Кашка), кумандинцы из сеока Куманды, Тон и Тастар, монголы, крымские, тоболо-иртышские, томские, казанские и мищарские татары. Ancient human genomes from the Altai region reveal population continuity and shifts in the 4th-12th

R1a-Z93 haplogroup subclades among Siberian Turkic groups Credit: Skytmen

The J2a2-PH358 subclade has been identified among representatives of the Jalayir and Teleu Kazakh tribes, and its origin may be associated with the bearers of the Bulan-Koby culture in the Altai region. This genetic lineage later became widespread during the era of the Turkic Khaganate and is now found among nearly all Turkic peoples. In addition, this subclade has also been detected among the Oirats, Chinese, Tajiks, and other populations. Researchers also associate the widespread practice of horse burials with the Bulan-Koby culture. This funerary tradition later became a characteristic cultural feature of the majority of Turkic peoples. Furthermore, according to the as-yet unpublished research of Daniel Tabin, representatives of the Common Turkic Shaz linguistic branch share a common autosomal ancestral component. These findings support the hypothesis that the Bulan-Koby culture may have played a significant role in the formation of the early Turkic peoples. Credit: QazaqDNA

Origins of Kangly Tribe of Kazakhs The subclade Q-L330 > Y12678, associated with the Kazakh clan Kangly was identified in an ancient DNA sample from the Shchepchikha-1 site (ALT120), belonging to the Srostki culture, which represents a local group of the Kimaks. The sample dates to the Shchadrino stage (second half of the 10th century — first half of the 11th century). These findings do not support the hypothesis that the Kangly clan originated from the Kangju tribal confederation; instead, they can be viewed as an argument in favor of their descent from the Kimaks. Source: Ancient human genomes from the Altai region reveal population continuity and shifts in the 4th-12th centuries Credit: QazaqDNA

Узбек из Яйпана R1b → R-PH155 → R-FTB336 По результатам Family Finder у узбека из города Яйпан Узбекского района выявлена Y-гаплогруппа R-FTB336, общий предок которой жил около 3950 года до н. э. Она относится к редкой азиатской ветви R1b — R-PH155. Ранние носители R-PH155 известны среди населения культуры Сяохэ в Таримском бассейне, близкого к ботайской культуре и западносибирским охотникам-собирателям. Позднее линия встречалась среди населения, связанного с культурой Ширэнзыгоу, а затем и у ранних хунну, от которых попала к средневековым тюркам и монголам. Среди современных носителей R-FTB336 известны турки и один саудиец, возможно турецкого происхождения. Вероятно, их ветвь попала в Анатолию во время огузских миграций, тогда как узбекский образец может относиться либо к той же огузской линии, либо к отдельной параллельной тюркской ветви. ПалеоДНК образцы ⚱️🇲🇳 Salkhityn 5 (ранний хунну, 150 г. до н. э. - 120 г. н. э.) ⚱️🇲🇳 Bulgan 13176 (монгол, 890 - 982 гг.) ——— Yaypanlik o‘zbek R1b → R-PH155 → R-FTB336 Family Finder natijalariga ko‘ra, O‘zbekiston tumanining Yaypan shahridan bo‘lgan o‘zbekda R-FTB336 Y-gaploguruhi aniqlangan. Ushbu liniyaning umumiy ajdodi taxminan mil. avv. 3950-yilda yashagan. U R1b ning noyob osiyolik tarmog‘i — R-PH155 ga mansub. R-PH155 ning ilk vakillari Tarim havzasidagi Syaoxe madaniyati aholisi orasida aniqlangan bo‘lib, ular Botay madaniyati va G‘arbiy Sibir ovchi-yig‘uvchilariga genetik jihatdan yaqin bo‘lgan. Keyinchalik bu liniya Shirenzigou madaniyati bilan bog‘liq aholida, undan so‘ng esa ilk hunlar orasida uchraydi. Aynan shu muhit orqali u keyinchalik o‘rta asr turklari va mo‘g‘ullari orasiga tarqalgan. R-FTB336 ning zamonaviy vakillari orasida turklar va ehtimol turk kelib chiqishiga ega bo‘lgan bir saudiyalik ma’lum. Ehtimol, ularning tarmog‘i Onadoʻliga o‘g‘uz migratsiyalari davrida kirib kelgan, Yaypandan olingan o‘zbek namunasi esa yoki shu o‘g‘uz tarmog‘iga, yoki alohida parallel turkiy tarmoqqa mansub bo‘lishi mumkin. PaleoDNK namunalari ⚱️🇲🇳 Salkhityn 5 (ilk hun, mil. avv. 150 — mil. 120) ⚱️🇲🇳 Bulgan 13176 (mo‘g‘ul, mil. 890–982)

Face-Cutting Ritual among the Ancient Turks This was a mourning ritual. When an important ruler died, mourners showed their grief by cutting their hair and making cuts on their ears, cheeks, or other parts of the body. The practice is attested in the Bilge Qaghan Inscription, in its account of the great qaghan’s funeral ceremony: 𐱅𐰇𐰼𐰜𐰢𐰀 : 𐰉𐰆𐰑𐰣𐰢𐰀 : 𐰘𐰏𐰤 : 𐰨𐰀 : 𐰴𐰔𐰍𐰣𐰆 : 𐰋𐰃𐰼𐱅𐰢 : 𐰉𐰆𐰨𐰀 : 𐰴𐰔𐰍𐰣𐰯 : 𐰴𐰭𐰢 : 𐰴𐰍𐰣 : 𐰃𐱃 : 𐰘𐰃𐰞 : 𐰆𐰣𐰨 : 𐰖 : 𐰞𐱃𐰃 : 𐰆𐱃𐰔𐰴𐰀 : 𐰆𐰲𐰀 : 𐰉𐰺𐰑𐰃 : 𐰞𐰍𐰔𐰃𐰤 : 𐰘𐰃𐰞 : 𐰋𐰃𐰾𐰨 : 𐰖 : 𐰘𐰃𐱅𐰃 : 𐰆𐱃𐰔𐰴𐰀 : 𐰖𐰆𐰍 : 𐰼𐱅𐰇𐰼𐱅𐰢 : 𐰉𐰆𐰴𐰍 : 𐱃𐰆𐱃𐰸 türükümä : bodunuma : yigin : ança : kazganu : birtim : bunça : kazganıp : kangım : kagan : ıt : yıl : onunç : ay : altı : otuzka : uça : bardı : lagzın : yıl : bişinç : ay : yiti : otuzka : yug : ärtürtüm : bukag : tutuk After accomplishing so much, my father the qaghan died on the twenty-sixth day of the tenth month of the Year of the Dog. I held his funeral ceremony on the twenty-seventh day of the fifth month of the Year of the Pig 𐰴𐰭𐰃 : 𐰠𐰃𐰾𐰇𐰤 : 𐱃𐰖 : 𐰾𐰭𐰇𐰤 : 𐰉𐱁𐰑𐰆 : 𐰋𐰃𐰾 : 𐰘𐰇𐰔 : 𐰼𐰤 : 𐰚𐰠𐱅𐰃 : 𐰸𐰆𐰴𐰞𐰴 : 𐰇 --- : 𐰞𐱃𐰆𐰣 : 𐰚𐰇𐰢𐰾 : 𐰚𐰼𐰏𐰚𐰾𐰔 : 𐰚𐰠𐰇𐰼𐱅𐰃 : 𐰖𐰆𐰍 : 𐰘𐰯𐰺𐰃𐰍 : 𐰚𐰠𐰇𐰼𐰯 : 𐱅𐰃𐰚𐰀 : 𐰋𐰃𐰼𐱅𐰃 : 𐰲𐰃𐰦𐰣 : 𐰃𐰍𐰲 : 𐰚𐰠𐰇𐰼𐰯 : 𐰇𐰔 : 𐰖𐰺𐱁 kaŋı : lisün : tay : säŋün : başadu : biş : yüz : ärän : kälti : kokuluk : ö --- : altun : kümüş : kärgäksiz : kälürti : yug : yıparıg : kälürüp : tikä : birti : çından : ıgaç : kälürüp : öz : yaraş Lisün Tay-Sengün, the father of Bukug Tutuk, came at the head of five hundred men. They brought abundant gold and silver. They brought funeral incense and set it upright. They brought sandalwood… 𐰉𐰆𐰨𐰀 : 𐰉𐰆𐰑𐰣 : 𐰽𐰲𐰃𐰤 : 𐰸𐰆𐰞𐰴𐰴𐰃𐰤 : 𐰖𐰭𐰴𐰃𐰤 : 𐰉𐰃𐰲𐰑𐰃 : 𐰓𐰏𐰇 : 𐰇𐰔𐰠𐰚 : 𐱃𐰃𐰤 : 𐰴𐰺𐰀 : 𐰚𐰃𐰾𐰃𐰤 : 𐰚𐰇𐰚 : 𐱅𐰘𐰭𐰃𐰤 : 𐰽𐰣𐰽𐰔 : 𐰚𐰠𐰇𐰼𐰯 : 𐰸𐰆𐰯 : 𐰸𐰆𐱃𐰃 bunça : bodun : saçın : kulkakın : yaŋakın : bıçdı : edgü : özlük : atın : kara : kişin : kök : täyäŋin : sansız : kälürüp : kop : kotı All these people cut their hair, ears, and cheeks. They brought countless fine riding horses, black sables, and grey-blue squirrels and left them all as offerings. A similar tradition is recorded by Herodotus in Book 4 of his Histories. He describes the funeral procession of a Scythian king. When different communities received the royal corpse, they performed the same mourning rites as the Royal Scythians: ...οἳ δὲ ἂν παραδέξωνται κομισθέντα τὸν νεκρόν, ποιεῦσι τά περ οἱ βασιλήιοι Σκύθαι· τοῦ ὠτὸς ἀποτάμνονται, τρίχας περικείρονται, βραχίονας περιτάμνονται, μέτωπον καὶ ῥῖνα καταμύσσονται, διὰ τῆς ἀριστερῆς χειρὸς... Then those that receive the dead man at his coming do the same as do the Royal Scythians; that is, they cut off a part of their ears, shave their heads, make cuts round their arms, tear their foreheads and noses, and pierce their left hands with arrows. A related practice is also documented among the Xiongnu. The Book of the Later Han records their reaction to the death of the Han general Geng Bing: 匈奴聞秉卒，舉國號哭，或至梨面流血。 When the Xiongnu heard of his death, their entire country wailed and wept mournfully. Some were so overcome with grief that they deeply cut their faces until blood flowed. Tekin, T. (1968). A grammar of Orkhon Turkic. User, H. Ş. (2008). Kan ağla- ve baş bağla- deyimlerinin Bilge Kağan ve Suci yazıtları temelinde açıklaması. Herodotus. (1921). The Histories (A. D. Godley, Trans.; Vol. 2, Book 4, §71) Fan, Y. (n.d.). Book of the Later Han, vol. 19

Lir Turkic (Oghur-Onogur-Bulghar-Volga Bulghar-Khazar-Kabar) Y-dna Sample size: 59 📚Source: www.familytreedna.com 🧬 T.me/Iranic_dna 🔗 https://iranicdna.com 🌐 https://x.com/Iranicdna

📜 Descriptions of Physical Appearance of Turkic-Speaking Peoples in Medieval Historical Sources Credit: Steppe Archive

Узбек из Ферганской области Самый ранний известный предок — из села Эскиараб, Алтыарыкский район. С2 → C-F1918 По результатам FamilyFinder у узбека из Алтыарыкского района Ферганской области выявлена гаплогруппа C-F1918, с общим предком около 1100 г. до н. э. Эта линия распространена среди азиатских степных народов как монголы, казахи, кыргызы, хазарейцы, ногайцы, каракалпаки и узбеки. Субклад C-F1918 считается характерным для нирун-монголов, что исторически объяснимо: многие узбекские племена — мангыт, барлас, катаган, дурман, арлат и другие — восходят к нирун-монгольским родам. ПалеоДНК образцы ⚱️🇷🇺 Primorsky 14771 (Бойсманская культура, 3750 - 3600 гг. до н. э.) ⚱️🇰🇿 Kayalyk 2 (монгол, 700 - 1100 гг.) ⚱️🇲🇳 Tavan khailaast 4-2 (монгол, 1283 - 1320 гг.) ⚱️🇰🇿 Golden Horde Elite 2 (монгольская элита, 1286 - 1398 гг.) ——— Farg‘ona viloyatidan o‘zbek Eng qadimgi ma’lum ajdodi — Oltiariq tumanidagi Eskiarab qishlog‘idan. С2 → C-F1918 FamilyFinder natijalariga ko‘ra, Farg‘ona viloyatining Oltiariq tumanidan bo‘lgan o‘zbekda C-F1918 gaploguruhi aniqlangan. Ushbu liniyaning umumiy ajdodi taxminan mil. avv. 1100-yillarda yashagan. Bu tarmoq mo‘g‘ullar, qozoqlar, qirg‘izlar, hazoralar, no‘g‘oylar, qoraqalpoqlar va o‘zbeklar kabi Osiyo dasht xalqlari orasida tarqalgan. C-F1918 subkladi nirun-mo‘g‘ullarga xos hisoblanadi, bu tarixiy jihatdan ham tushunarli: ko‘plab o‘zbek qabilalari — mang‘it, barlos, qatag‘on, do‘rmon, arlot va boshqalar o‘z kelib chiqishini nirun-mo‘g‘ul urug‘lariga bog‘laydi. PaleoDNK namunalari ⚱️🇷🇺 Primorsky 14771 (Boysman madaniyati, mil. avv. 3750 – 3600 y.) ⚱️🇰🇿 Kayalyk 2 (moʻgʻul, mil. 700 – 1100 y.) ⚱️🇲🇳 Tavan Khailaast 4-2 (moʻgʻul, mil. 1283 – 1320 y.) ⚱️🇰🇿 Golden Horde Elite 2 (moʻgʻul elita, mil. 1286 – 1398 y.)