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доля реакций к просмотрам- 10:26The Sleemanabad Tunnel in Madhya Pradesh, India, is the country's longest underground gravity-flow water conveyance tunnel. Measuring 11.95 kilometers long and built at a cost of over ₹1,600 crore, it naturally transports Narmada River water to the Son Basin without requiring any electric pumps. #CA20261,90%
- 14:52MMDR (Amendment) Bill, 2026 Context: Parliament passed the Mines and Minerals (Development and Regulation) Amendment Bill, 2026, amending the MMDR Act, 1957, mainly to regulate States’ taxation of mineral rights and mineral-bearing land. What has changed? -New Section 9D: States cannot independently impose a tax, cess or other levy on mineral rights/mineral-bearing land; such levies must conform to conditions/restrictions prescribed by the Centre. -Mineral-bearing land is brought explicitly within the Union’s regulatory framework under the MMDR Act. -Past dues: Levies already collected before commencement are retained, but amounts not collected/recovered before commencement become invalid, affecting retrospective claims. Why are mineral-rich States fearing revenue loss? The controversy follows the 2024 Supreme Court judgment in Mineral Area Development Authority v. SAIL, which held that royalty is not a tax and recognised States’ legislative competence to tax mineral rights. The 2026 amendment effectively constrains the fiscal space opened by that judgment. -Jharkhand: Its Mineral Bearing Land Cess was expected to yield roughly Rs. 11,000 crore annually, hence the State argues that restrictions could significantly reduce its own-source revenue. -Odisha: The State fears losing both prospective mineral-tax revenue and large retrospective dues, with political estimates putting outstanding claims above Rs. 1 trillion. Analysis Concerns: Fiscal federalism – limits an important own-tax source of mineral-rich States; regional equity – mining States bear displacement, pollution and infrastructure costs; constitutional issue – raises questions over the balance between State taxation powers (Entries 49/50, State List) and Parliament’s mineral-regulation power under Entry 54, Union List. Centre’s rationale: A uniform framework can prevent multiple/excessive levies, retrospective liabilities and interstate differences, improve predictability for investors and prevent higher mining costs from fragmenting the national mineral market. Takeaway: The MMDR Amendment, 2026 reflects the tension between a predictable national mineral regime and States’ fiscal autonomy; cooperative federalism requires regulatory certainty while ensuring mineral-producing States receive adequate compensation for the economic, social and environmental costs of extraction. #GS1mains #GS2mains1,43%
- 10:10Gender Justice & Judicial Sensitivity: -Law beyond clinical legalism: Mechanical interpretation of law can obscure human suffering; judicial reasoning must combine legality with dignity, empathy and constitutional morality. -Language shapes justice: Terms such as “helpless female”, “lost her chastity” or “outraging modesty” reinforce patriarchal stereotypes. Courtroom vocabulary should recognise survivors as rights-bearing individuals, not objects of honour or sympathy. -Language–Justice Gap: Merely replacing insensitive words is insufficient unless the underlying stereotypes and assumptions influencing judicial reasoning also change. -From chastity to bodily autonomy: Sexual violence should be understood as a violation of bodily autonomy, dignity and consent, rather than an injury to a woman’s “honour” or “chastity”. -Trauma-informed justice: Delayed reporting, absence of visible injuries or apparently calm behaviour should not automatically undermine credibility; trauma manifests differently across survivors. -Courtroom as a site of secondary victimisation: Insensitive questioning, moral judgement and procedural indifference can make survivors experience victimisation again within the justice system. -State’s positive obligation: Survivor protection should not depend entirely on the survivor demanding it; the State and judiciary must proactively ensure safety, legal assistance and procedural protection. -Institutional gap: The article notes that four out of five stakeholders surveyed were unaware of the Witness Protection Scheme- showing the gap between rights on paper and rights in practice. -Historical continuum: From Bhanwari Devi —> Vishaka Guidelines —> contemporary cases, repeated tragedies have driven reforms; India needs institutionalised prevention rather than reform only after outrage. #ESSAY1,19%
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- 15:19PM Vishwakarma PM Vishwakarma: Central Sector Scheme launched on 17 Sept 2023 (Vishwakarma Jayanti); nodal ministry- Ministry of MSME; covers 18 traditional trades. Benefits: Skill upgradation + Rs. 15,000 toolkit incentive + digital transaction incentive + marketing support + collateral-free enterprise loans. Credit structure: Rs. 1 lakh (1st tranche, 18 months) + Rs. 2 lakh (2nd tranche, 30 months) at 5% concessional interest; second tranche after repayment of first. Eligibility: Artisan/craftsperson working with hands and tools, minimum age 18 years; benefit generally restricted to one member per family. Beneficiary should not have availed similar credit under PMEGP, PM SVANidhi or MUDRA in the preceding 5 years. Vishwakarma 2.0 (2026): proposed launch on 17 September 2026 with focus on enhanced credit access + stronger market linkages; higher loan amount proposed. #CA2026 #SCHEME0,44%
- 11:43Reliance Industries and Rolls-Royce plan to jointly develop an indigenous sovereign combat jet engine in India for the AMCA (Advanced Medium Combat Aircraft), India’s 5th-generation stealth fighter programme. #CA20260,37%
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