🇺🇸 IELTS with KHAZRATOV (8.5)

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✨ ONLINE IELTS WRITING & SPEAKING COURSE ✨ with Xisravbek Xislatovich (8.5) 🎓 📚 WHAT’S INCLUDED? 🎥 6 live lessons 🎬 6 recorded lessons ✍️ 10 most common Writing Task 2 topics (may appear in your real exam) 💾 10 articles with collocations and vocab lists 🗣 40+ Speaking cue card sample answers — all at Band 8.0+ 📖 Reading & Listening materials 🎁 And a lot more! 🇺🇿 ALSO USEFUL FOR THE MULTILEVEL TEST 📌 If you’re planning to take the Multilevel test in September, this course can also help you prepare, especially for Writing and Speaking. 💰 COURSE FEE: 320,000 soums 🔥 EARLY-BIRD DISCOUNT: 250,000 soums ⏰ Pay before 15 August to get the discounted price! 📅 STARTING DATE: 15 AUGUST to contact: @classiccamaro28177 🤝 See you in class! 🚀

The diagrams illustrate the ways of protecting houses from flooding in vulnerable areas. Overall, there are two methods of preventing buildings from river flooding. While one uses a stopbank built along the riverbank, the second method is based on elevating houses alone. Notably, despite being designed in a rather complex way, the stopbank method comes with an issue, resulting in internal ponding. Starting from the first method, a stopbank is constructed on a berm near drain, with freeboard on top that exceeds the 100-year flood level by a noticeable margin. This maximizes the barrier’s flood prevention capacity. The problem with this approach, however, is that rainwater from hills can create internal ponding, which might cause flooding. To address this, a floodgate is installed beneath the stopbank to discharge water accumulated through rain into the river. By contrast, the second approach is rather straightforward, requiring neither a stopbank nor a floodgate. It is based on the height of the pillars supporting the house, which extend from ground level to the house floor level. While this creates a 300 mm freeboard between the 100-year flood and the house floor level in this method, the same margin is achieved in the stopbank method, albeit between the ponding level and the house floor level. 8.0+

The maps illustrate how a particular section of Shalton village looked in 1910 and 2010. Overall, the most noticeable changes include the removal of the butcher, grocer, baker, and a large house in the center, alongside the introduction of a supermarket and its parking space. Notably, significantly more housing had been built by 2010, although a central green space had to be removed to accommodate it. In 1910, houses were scattered across the village, with the majority of them located in the southern part along High Street. While the school and the butcher could be found on School Road, the post office was situated on London Road. Moving to the central area, the remaining facilities, including the grocer and the baker, offered their services there, whilst a large house was surrounded by trees. Additionally, a single house sat at the northern intersection of the three main roads. By 2010, the original retail services, encompassing the butcher, the grocer, and the baker, had all been removed. A supermarket with its parking lot was introduced on School Road instead, and a café replaced the grocer on High Street. Meanwhile, the large central house with its surrounding green space had also been demolished to make way for more housing, which was made accessible via a newly constructed curved road. Furthermore, London Road now accommodated a row of newly constructed houses, whereas the number of residential properties on the southern side of High Street doubled. Additionally, a bank was built, replacing the single house at the northern intersection. The only buildings that remained unchanged over the century included the school and the post office. 8.0+

Films and computer games that contain violence are very popular. Some people believe they have a negative effect on society and should therefore be banned. Others, however, say they are harmless and help people to relax. Discuss both views and give your own opinion. Movies and computer games containing violence are widely enjoyed by many. Some think that they should be prohibited due to the detrimental effects they have on society while others see them as a great way to unwind, posing no harm to viewers and players. Both views have merits; therefore, I believe the answer lies in finding the middle ground. Since the introduction of color to the movie industry, cinematography has evolved significantly and so has the use of visual effects. Their use in movie-making has since become indispensable, particularly in the creation of fighting scenes. The same is true for computer games. As they create a highly immersive experience, many people are drawn to watching violent scenes and playing games of such a caliber despite the negative effects they might have. Not only do these movies and games encourage aggressive behavior, but they also make violence seem normal if people are exposed continuously, particularly affecting young minds. Therefore, banning them could prevent vulnerable demographics from becoming what they watch or play. Despite the psychological effects, they are regarded as one of the best ways to unwind. In comparison with other genres, such as comedy, drama, and documentaries, action movies containing horror, fighting, and killing generally have more views both in theatres and on the internet. This is primarily because they create an atmosphere that is totally different from a typical day of ordinary people, enabling their imaginations to float beyond borders. In other words, whether it be people enjoying "Game of Thrones" or teenagers playing "Mortal Kombat" on PlayStation, such content indeed caters to the needs of millions of people. Besides, there is no direct evidence that shows that they directly encourage crime. Hence, a total prohibition on them could and would face resentment from the general public. In my view, prohibiting these movies and games is not a one-size-fits-all solution, nor is neglecting their potential hazards. I believe the answer lies in reforming content classification standards by adding restrictions on shooting violence scenes that can pose psychological trauma or alter one’s behavior. Before being released, a movie should go through a series of assessments by professionals as well as psychologists, who can determine its suitability and harmlessness. The same can be applied to video games. This, nevertheless, does not necessarily mean that the potential repercussions are fully avoided. Parents should also be encouraged to monitor their offspring’s time spent watching films and playing games to prevent overexposure to content involving violence. By doing so, we can, at least, minimize their effects to some extent. To conclude, movies and games with violent characteristics are indeed popular among individuals. While those advocating for their complete prohibition seem to underestimate their popularity among audiences, others arguing for their harmlessness are neglecting the science behind violence. Therefore, I assert that we should find other effective ways that do not diminish their value as entertainment while making sure they do not pose psychological harm to those enjoying such content. 8.0+

The diagrams illustrate how a simple solar panel is constructed and the way it functions. Overall, the structure is rather straightforward, comprising four main parts, and the device serves two primary functions. Notably, while no modifications are required to heat air, a water pipe is fitted to heat water. Starting with how it is made, the solar panel is based on a shallow box with inlet and outlet pipes fixed on opposite sides to let air or water in and out. The structure is covered with a transparent top, which maximizes the heat absorbed from the sun's rays. To heat air, cool air coming through an inlet pipe is heated inside the box, where sunlight passing through the transparent cover is trapped inside the box, heating the air. Once sufficiently heated, the air then goes through an outlet pipe, ready to be used. As for heating water, no major alterations are made to the equipment, except for the installation of a water pipe inside the box. Cool water goes through an inlet and flows through a z-shaped pipe that enables the heat passing through the transparent top to warm it before it exits the panel. 8.0+

In many countries, household waste (e.g., food packaging) is increasing day by day. What are the reasons for this? How can this problem be solved?    Domestic waste, food packaging in particular, has already become an urgent problem, with the amount continuously rising in many parts of the globe. I believe consumerism and overpackaging are the two primary drivers of the issue at hand. However, collaborative actions taken by governments and manufacturing companies could effectively improve the situation. Thanks to online marketplaces and enhanced logistics, consumers can now purchase products without stepping out of their comfort zones. While this has streamlined the economy and created countless job opportunities, it has also prompted consumer culture, where people tend to buy more than they actually need. As a result, clothes, technological equipment, household goods, and even food are being wasted despite being perfectly usable or edible. This pattern of excessive consumption, in turn, contributes to the growing volume of household waste observed in many countries. To discourage the overconsumption of goods, governments need to raise public awareness about the environmental repercussions of consumerism and excessive waste. While organizing public campaigns in neighborhoods can yield immediate results, introducing a subject into the school curriculum that teaches the ethical norms of being an environmentally-conscious consumer can offer long-term benefits. This series of actions can improve public attitudes about the negative consequences of overconsumption while also minimizing global waste problems noticeably if implemented and managed adequately. Another factor contributing to the increase in waste generated by households lies in excessive food packaging. As online purchases, takeaways, and food delivery have become more and more common, the competition among retailers has risen accordingly. To remain competitive, some opted to use disposable packaging to prevent damage during delivery whilst others saw packaging as a marketing tool and started to overuse it for decorative purposes. Not only did it become a common marketing strategy, but it also caused a substantial increase in packaging waste. Although completely forgoing packaging is clearly not a viable option, turning to more environmentally friendly alternative materials used in packaging should be thoroughly considered by businesses. Instead of non-degradable plastic takeaway boxes, for instance, retailers can start using paper boxes and reusable containers, which are both environmentally and economically beneficial. While reusable alternatives reduce the amount of waste, the message behind this act – environmental protection – helps businesses stay afloat in today's ever-competitive market. To sum up, primarily due to consumer culture and overpackaging, household waste has indeed increased significantly. Nevertheless, the issue is far from insoluble. Educating consumers about the negative effects of overconsumption, teaching youngsters how to behave in an environmentally-friendly manner and using biodegradable materials for packaging can effectively mitigate the problem. 8.0+

The bar charts provide the breakdown of gender composition across five occupational categories in a particular engineering company in the years 2005 and 2015. Overall, while occupational distribution leaned towards males in 2005, this gender disparity reduced significantly by 2015. Despite substantial changes, men were predominantly employed in analyst positions whereas administrative personnel were mostly comprised of women in both years in question. In 2005, males accounted for more than half of the total workforce in senior management occupations, namely vice presidents (70%), directors (60%), and managers (55%), while women comprised the minority in these jobs. A clear male dominance could be observed in analyst positions, with a two-to-one ratio difference. The only category with female dominance, however, was administrative jobs, where 90% of the total workforce was made up of women. By 2015, gender balance in two out of three executive jobs was achieved. The improvement was even more noticeable in director positions, with roughly 60% of the total workers now being women. Although male dominance remained in analyst occupations, there was a marginal drop in the share of women working as administrators, yet still accounting for 80% of the total. 8.0+

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In  education and employment, some people work harder than others. Why do some people work harder?  Is it always good to work hard? It is often seen that some students and employees put more effort into their studies and work harder than others. Among many factors contributing to this phenomenon, the main ones include unequal starting positions and visible career progression. Personally, I believe the tendency brings more harm than good, and; I shall explain why. In today’s world, where the ever-increasing socio-economic gap between students can inadvertently affect their future careers, earning a diploma no longer guarantees one’s employment prospects. While many students from wealthier families face fewer challenges in getting their careers off the ground through networks or shortcuts, those from low-income backgrounds are often undermined in the labor market. Aware of this, these eager, yet economically disadvantaged young people go the extra mile to gain a competitive edge over their wealthy counterparts. Their motivation is usually intrinsic, making them study not only throughout the week, but also during weekends when others usually rest and unwind. Study aside, some individuals work harder on their jobs than others hoping for promotion. Unlike some businesses, where promotion standards are not clearly visible, many well-structured and successful chains offer transparent promotion policies. These might depend on one’s productivity, strong work ethic, and punctuality, the qualities that make dedicated workers stand out from the rest. Witnessing these policies work effectively, workers develop trust in the promotion system, meaning that they willingly work extra hours and rely on delayed gratification. As promising as hard work may seem, I see it in a negative light due to psychological and physiological reasons. Studying excessively, be it writing essays, keeping up with academic assignments, or participating in extracurricular activities, can strain students mentally and might eventually lead to fatigue. Consequently, instead of acquiring more information and advancing academically, youngsters end up dealing with mental issues such as anxiety, stress, peer pressure, and burnout. As for why putting greater effort into work does not always bring benefits, it reduces long-term performance. Exposing oneself to continuous extra work will eventually take its toll, resulting in burnout and thus eroding job satisfaction over time. This is especially true for physically demanding jobs like warehouse work. If a person is willing to sacrifice their health to get promoted, not only do they face physical hurdles such as backaches and muscle strain, but they ultimately lose interest in pursuing that career. As a result, this affects both employers and workers alike, as businesses suffer from reduced productivity while employees might lose hope for career progression. To sum up, showing more willingness to study and work can indeed benefit people, as they do so in hope for a better future. I, nevertheless, assert that the trend does not always work out positively, since it might cause burnout and reduced efficiency at work. 8.0+

In many countries, large infrastructure projects are increasingly funded and managed by private companies rather than governments. To what extent do you think this is a positive or negative development?      Nowadays, more and more megaprojects are being financed by the private sector rather than through taxpayers' money. I, personally, see this change in a negative light due to various problems it might cause. These include misaligned objectives, underinvestment in socially valuable areas, and the potential for natural monopolies. Private company involvement in large-scale infrastructure construction can indeed accelerate the process and provide higher-quality infrastructure and services; however, the priorities might not correspond to those of governments. While government-funded projects are generally aimed at improving the overall well-being of individuals, private businesses, at their core, prioritize profit. This, in turn, can spark disagreements between policymakers and private companies over the cost of services, taxes, and corporate responsibilities. If a middle ground cannot be found, it will be ordinary people who ultimately suffer the most. Objectives aside, with more private sector involvement comes greater investment, albeit in certain regions only. Take private construction companies as an example. If they are legally allowed to take control over a country’s most ambitious projects, they are sure to target city centers, where returns on investment are considerably higher than in suburban areas. This, however, widens the gap in standards between urban and rural areas, since the flow of people relocating to urban zones will increase exponentially, leaving fewer and fewer individuals in the countryside. As a result, cities will flourish while rural parts of a nation suffer from problems like labour shortages and reduced standards of living. Another serious threat fueled by private company management over certain sectors is the emergence of natural monopolies. Water and electricity supplies in most countries are typically joint-stock companies, where private shareholders can have the final say in important decisions like service charges. Not only do unregulated increases in costs lead to public disagreements, but they can also erode people’s trust in governments. In Uzbekistan, for example, electricity bills have risen three times throughout the year – a phenomenon that has not been experienced before. Some people might consider this a sacrifice made for further development; others, including me, believe this has to do with private company interference, which is definitely not a step in the right direction. To conclude, large-scale developments are now primarily being financed and managed by private businesses in many countries. I believe this brings more harm than good, since businesses prefer profit over public welfare, neglect the development of rural regions, and cause disagreements among citizens. 8.0+