Medicine Updates(Dr BH)

A nebulizer works by converting liquid medication into a fine mist or aerosol that can be inhaled directly into the lungs, making it easier to deliver respiratory treatments.

Alemtuzumab has been associated with: • Severe hepatotoxicity • Acute liver failure • Autoimmune hepatitis • Marked elevation of ALT/AST • Cholestatic hepatitis • Hepatic necrosis (rare but reported)

#D_D_OF_HYPERPIGMENTATION : *Primary Addison's *Nelson's syndrome *Cushing's disease *Post- acne *Post- herpetic *Ptyriasis Vesticular *Acanthosis nigricans *Sun exposure *Drug induced #REGARDS

#Hypereosinophilic_syndrome (HES) is a myeloproliferative disorder (MPD) characterized by persistent eosinophilia that is associated with damage to multiple organs. The diagnostic critirea of hyperesinophilic syndrome include *esinophilia..esinophil count>1500/microlitter for at least continous 6 months *abscence of any cause of esinophilia *abscence of any cause of organ dammage.

causes of nasal depression 1-Trauamtic 2-Cocaine sniffing 3-Wegner Granulomatosis 4-Syphilis 5-Relapsing polychondritis 6-leprosy 7-Downs د.شاه

Calcium 👉Both traumatic injury and RBC transfusion can contribute to 😳❗️❗️hypocalcemia👉 a known predictor of worse outcomes. 🔴 Serum calcium should be monitored 👉and replaced with👉 1–2 g of calcium chloride as indicated. 🔴 A simplified approach is the administration of calcium with the👉👉 first unit of RBCs 👉and every 3 units thereafter

Diabetic Retinopathy...

the diagnostic criteria for Diabetes Mellitus according to the American Diabetes Association (ADA 2024): 🔹Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG) Diabetes: ≥ 126 mg/dL Fasting = no caloric intake for at least 8 hours --- 🔹2-hour Plasma Glucose during OGTT (Oral Glucose Tolerance Test) Diabetes: ≥ 200 mg/dL Test performed with 75 g glucose dissolved in water --- 🔹️HbA1c (Glycated Hemoglobin) Diabetes: ≥ 6.5% --- 🔹Random Plasma Glucose Diabetes: ≥ 200 mg/dL Plus classic symptoms of hyperglycemia (polyuria, polydipsia, unexplained weight loss) or hyperglycemic crisis

Surgery👉Pituitary surgery is the first-line 👉treatment option for most people with acromegaly

☑️ What's New Updated ACC/AHA guideline for the management of high blood pressure (August 2025): 🔴 The American College of Cardiology (ACC) and the American Heart Association (AHA) have released a 2025 update to their 👉guidelines for the management of high blood pressure (BP). ☑️ These guidelines advocate for a goal BP of <130/80 mmHg for 👉all adults. 🟤 They recommend antihypertensive 👉medication 👉if average BP is ≥140/90 mmHg in 👉any adult, 👉 or ≥130/80 mmHg in those with cardiovascular (CV) disease CV risk factors or 10-year predicted CV risk of ≥7.5 percent using the Predicting👉 Risk of cardiovascular disease EVENTs (PREVENT) risk calculator. ⏫ While lifestyle modification is an appropriate initial step in patients with average BP ≥130/80 mmHg 👉and a 10-year predicted CV risk of <7.5 percent 👉 antihypertensive medication is warranted if BP remains elevated 👉after three to six months. ☺️ Our approach is consistent with these guidelines.

The most common cause of cardiomegaly is hypertension.

causes of acute headache SAH MENINGITIS PITUITARY APOPLEXY CAROTID DISSECTION ICH CEREBRAL VENOUS SINOUS THROMBOSIS

The most common cause of hepatomegaly is NAFLD= MASLD.

ART regimens

ART intiation in OIs of a HIV patient

💢 داروهای چاقی 🆔 @Internalmed .

🔴 Tirzepatide for managing overweight and obesity - NICE Guideline (December 2024) 🆔 @GIJournalClub .