🇬🇧Foes and Deuce

Pick one card ...and get your own skin in the form of a batty English place👑 While exploring the Northern parts of England, I stumbled upon some interesting names. I've decided to turn it into a little game (?), though it's not exactly my usual format [nor one I usually favour], still I fancied blending a bit of fun with a light touch of education I'm sure that as I explore other parts of the country, I'll find plenty more curious names...but now Which card did you get?

An interesting thing... 🏴󠁧󠁢󠁥󠁮󠁧󠁿 Mancunian is the demonym adjective for Manchester. It describes anything belonging to the city, its residents, or its distinct regional dialect and accent When i came across this word while making my "accent-cards", I recalled the Early Middle English word 🗺️ Mankynnes, meaning 'of mankind' or 'of humanity' [mann - person: cynn - kin, race, kind: es -the genetive singular infectional suffix, equivalent to 'of'] — from the Proto-Germanic compound *manakunją I wondered: do the roots of 'Mancunian' derive from that old one? 💜The word 'Mancunian' ultimately derives from the Latin name 'Mancunium', used by Romans for the fort they built in the area we now know as Manchester 💜Before the Romans arrived, the name is thought to contain a Celtic element related to 'mamm', meaning 'breast' or 'mother', which described breast-shaped hill where the origin fort was established 💜After some time, the Romans changed this local name into 'Mamucium' (another variant contains /n/) 💜And as a final stage, after the Romans had left, Anglo-Saxons combined 'Mancunium' with the Auld Englesc word 'ceaster' (walled town), turning it into names like Mameceaster. From there, it shifted into the Manchester we know today We did not find the connection between these words after all. That's not bad either, now we know that 'Mancynnes' comes from a Germanic root, and 'Mancunian' comes from a Celtic and Latin root #semiinvestigation

Scrödinger's Irish Pounds Some time ago, I was suddenly acquainted with a certain piece of information which vouchsafed me one peculiar fact: ➿➿➿ in Ireland, one may encounter banknotes bearing a quondam resemblance to the traditional pound, yet distinctly Irish in appearance ➿➿➿ I contained this fact in my mind, later decided to google it again, and found quite the contrary: «The money you have been trying to find is not in the exchange from 2002» What's the mystery? The answer lies in Northern Ireland 🇮🇪 Several local banks have the full legal right to issue their own sterling banknotes. They possess exactly the same financial value as standard Bank of England notes, yet bear entirely different regional designs and colours [Northern Ireland] The Irish pound, or 'punt', was the currency of the Republic of Ireland until 2002 [Republic of Ireland] THE "NOT LEGAL TENDER" PARADOX Technically, even Bank of England notes are not classified as "legal tender" in Northern Ireland. Only coins carry that formal status there. The banknotes are nevertheless lawful currency and are perfectly valid for ordinary transactions So, what is the catch? ➿➿➿➿➿➿➿ Vending machines, self-checkouts and shopkeepers in England and Wales may refuse them simply because their local systems do not recognise the regional designs 🌟 🌟 🌟 🌟 🌟🌟🌟🌟🌟🌟🌟 🍀In the 18th and 19th centuries, Ireland suffered from a severe shortage of official royal coinage and lacked a centralised banking system 🍀The British Government could not provide enough physical gold and silver coinage for Ireland's rapidly expanding trade and agriculture. To prevent economic stagnation, trusted merchants and provincial private banks stepped into the vacuum, issuing their own paper promissory notes as an everyday medium of exchange 🍀The Bankers (Ireland) Act 1845 subsequently regulated the system and legally grandfathered certain established joint-stock banks, allowing them to retain their historical privilege of issuing local banknotes. 🟥 This was a reaction to the 🟥 earlier era of wildcat banking 🌟🌟🌟🌟🌟🌟 🟢Grandfather (verb) = to remain exempt from a new rule because [for example] an institution had already been operating lawfully before that rule came into force. 🔤Thus, old rules continue to protect certain historical privileges🔤 🟢Wildcat banking = unstable, highly reckless, or outright fraudulent financial system where private Banks print their own paper money without having the actual gold, silver, or assets to back it up #historystory #irish #semiinvestigation

🌟🌟🌟 🌟🌟🌟 🤩🤩🤩🤩 🌟🌟🌟 🤩🤩🤩 🧳🧳🧳🧳🧳🧳🧳 🤩🤩🤩🤩🌟🤩🤩🤩🤩 🌟🌟 🌟🌟 🌟🌟 𝕲𝖗𝖊𝖊𝖙𝖎𝖓𝖌𝖘, 𝖒𝖞 𝖋𝖗𝖎𝖊𝖓𝖉𝖘 𝔗𝔥𝔢 𝔱𝔦𝔪𝔢 𝔥𝔞𝔰 𝔠𝔬𝔪𝔢... 𝔖𝔬𝔪𝔢 𝔬𝔣 𝔶𝔬𝔲 𝔥𝔞𝔳𝔢 𝔞𝔰𝔨𝔢𝔡 𝔪𝔢 𝔱𝔬 𝔰𝔥𝔞𝔯𝔢 𝔪𝔶 𝔯𝔢𝔠𝔬𝔯𝔡𝔦𝔫𝔤𝔰 𝔞𝔫𝔡 𝔱𝔬 𝔱𝔢𝔞𝔠𝔥 𝔶𝔬𝔲 𝔞 𝔩𝔦𝔱𝔱𝔩𝔢 𝔬𝔣 𝔅𝔯𝔦𝔱𝔦𝔰𝔥 𝔭𝔯𝔬𝔫𝔲𝔫𝔠𝔦𝔞𝔱𝔦𝔬𝔫 𝔇𝔦𝔞𝔩𝔢𝔠𝔱𝔞𝔩...𝔯𝔢𝔤𝔦𝔬𝔫𝔞𝔩....𝔟𝔶𝔤𝔬𝔫𝔢... 𝔱𝔦𝔪𝔢𝔩𝔢𝔰𝔰...ℜ𝔬𝔶𝔞𝔩, 𝔞𝔣𝔱𝔢𝔯 𝔞𝔩𝔩 𝔄𝔫𝔡 𝔞𝔱 𝔩𝔞𝔰𝔱, ℑ 𝔥𝔞𝔳𝔢 𝔟𝔢𝔤𝔲𝔫 𝔱𝔢𝔞𝔠𝔥𝔦𝔫𝔤 𝔭𝔢𝔬𝔭𝔩𝔢 𝔣𝔯𝔬𝔪 𝔞𝔩𝔩 𝔞𝔠𝔯𝔬𝔰𝔰 𝔱𝔥𝔢 𝔴𝔬𝔯𝔩𝔡, 𝔞𝔫𝔡 ℑ 𝔴𝔢𝔩𝔠𝔬𝔪𝔢 𝔶𝔬𝔲 𝔱𝔬𝔬 ✨✨ ✨✨😅😂🙄😖😅 ❗️ ✨✨ 𝕴 𝖆𝖒 𝖞𝖔𝖚𝖗 𝖕𝖗𝖊𝖈𝖊𝖕𝖙𝖔𝖗 ℑ 𝔰𝔥𝔞𝔩𝔩 𝔟𝔢 𝔰𝔥𝔞𝔯𝔦𝔫𝔤 𝔱𝔥𝔬𝔲𝔤𝔥𝔱𝔰, 𝔬𝔟𝔰𝔢𝔯𝔳𝔞𝔱𝔦𝔬𝔫𝔰 𝔞𝔫𝔡 𝔩𝔦𝔱𝔱𝔩𝔢 𝔱𝔦𝔭𝔰 𝔠𝔬𝔫𝔠𝔢𝔯𝔫𝔦𝔫𝔤 𝔅𝔯𝔦𝔱𝔦𝔰𝔥 𝔭𝔥𝔬𝔫𝔢𝔱𝔦𝔠𝔰 𝔞𝔫𝔡 𝔭𝔯𝔬𝔫𝔲𝔫𝔠𝔦𝔞𝔱𝔦𝔬𝔫. 𝔅𝔲𝔱 𝔰𝔥𝔬𝔲𝔩𝔡 𝔶𝔬𝔲 𝔴𝔦𝔰𝔥 𝔱𝔬 𝔩𝔢𝔞𝔯𝔫 𝔪𝔬𝔯𝔢... ℑ 𝔴𝔢𝔩𝔠𝔬𝔪𝔢 𝔶𝔬𝔲 𝔱𝔬 𝔪𝔶 𝔭𝔢𝔯𝔰𝔬𝔫𝔞𝔩 𝔠𝔩𝔞𝔰𝔰𝔢𝔰 𝕾𝖊𝖊𝖐 𝖒𝖊 𝖔𝖚𝖙...

Observations of my own speech revealed a tendency towards a "slender S" in positions where it would not normally be expected Where did I acquire this habit? Surely fram Scotland The rule in Scottish Gaelic reads: 🌟Broad S - when “s” sits beside broad vowels, it sounds exactly like the regular English 's' in 'soon' 🌟Slender S - when “s” sits beside slender vowels, it becomes palatalized and is pronounced like the 'sh' in 'sheep' 🤩Important to know: Not all Scottish accents exhibit this shift from /s/ to /ʃ/; it's more like 'local dialectal' thing (even if it doesn't connect to Gaelic speakers) Several examples are provided below. For comparison, I have also included recordings of native speakers in the comments section Contexts in which /s/ may be palatalised: Shay (say) 🤩🔡 Pershon (person) 🤩 🔡 Obvioush (obvious) 🤩 🔡 Shcottish (scottish) 🤩🔡 🤩Remark: Please note that the examples presented here illustrate different occurrences of the /ʃ/ sound in word-🔡nitial, word-🔡edial, and word-🔡inal positions. Consequently, the phonetic processes responsible for each may differ. Let's examine each of the theories S —>/ʃ/ Scottish Gaelic influence It may indeed exert some influence... Ex.: Sinn (sheen) In the Highlands, somewhere in Agyll we may hear 'yeash' instead of a 'yes' 🤩Remark: The “sh” sound might be slight; it would barely sound like the broad, clear “s” S —>/ʃ/ The Old Norse substrate In Orkney and Shetland one may occasionally hear something similar to the next examples: Most become mosht Space become shpace The degree of postalveolarisation may be more pronounced than in the previous examples. It is reminding me of German pronunciation Ex.: Sport Here, “S” = “sh” S —>/ʃ/ S-retraction and postalveolarisation It is the slightest variant comparison to previous ones Word-final /s/ may become particularly retracted towards “sh” (in soft manner) We might observe it in West Scotland, in Scots speakers' enunciation S —>/ʃ/ When “S” is paired with a consonant “m”, “t”, or “p” Such a feature may occasionally be heard in some working-class accents of Western Scotland, perhaps, in rapid colloquial speech around Glasgow Ex.: shmart (smart) shmile (smile) lishten (listen) queshion (question) shpace (space) This phenomenon is mainly noticed in fast, fluent speech or casual spiel 🤩Hallmark: /s/ — voiceless alveolar fricative /ʃ/ — voiceless postalveolar fricative #pronunciation #scotland

🌟🌟🌟🌟 𝕿𝖍𝖊 𝕸𝖎𝖘𝖙𝖊𝖗𝖞 🌟🌟🌟🌟 𝔬𝔣 𝔱𝔥𝔢 /𝔰/ 𝔰𝔬𝔲𝔫𝔡 𝒱𝔢𝔯𝔰𝔦𝔬𝔫: 𝔖𝔠𝔬𝔱𝔩𝔞𝔫𝔡 🤩🤩🤩🤩🤩🤩🤩🤩 🌟🌟🌟 🌟 🌟🌟🌟 🌟🌟🌟 🌟 🌟🌟🌟🌟🌟🌟🌟🌟🌟🌟🌟🌟 ℑ𝔱'𝔰 𝔰𝔲𝔭𝔭𝔬𝔰𝔢𝔡 𝔱𝔬 𝔟𝔢 𝔞 𝔴𝔞𝔯𝔪 “𝔟𝔯𝔦𝔱𝔦𝔰𝔥-𝔠𝔞𝔯𝔱𝔬𝔬𝔫” 𝔰𝔱𝔬𝔯𝔶𝔱𝔢𝔩𝔩𝔦𝔫𝔤 𝔟𝔲𝔱 𝔱𝔢𝔩𝔢𝔤𝔯𝔞𝔪 𝔦𝔰 𝔭𝔬𝔴𝔢𝔯𝔩𝔢𝔰𝔰 𝔱𝔬 𝔠𝔯𝔢𝔞𝔱𝔢 𝔪𝔶 𝔦𝔡𝔢𝔞 𝔥𝔢𝔯𝔢, 𝔰𝔬 𝔱𝔞𝔨𝔢 𝔱𝔥𝔢 𝔥𝔬𝔯𝔯𝔬𝔯 𝔰𝔱𝔶𝔩𝔢 𝔦𝔫𝔰𝔱𝔢𝔞𝔡 🌟🌟 🌟🌟 🌟🌟🌟🌟🌟 🤩🤩🤩

Even today, while walking through towns in Britain, one may still observe houses bearing the outlines of former windows filled with brickwork They say for keeping traditions, people still may build a houses with "bricked up" windows

Preposterous taxes in the old UK 🏠The Window Tax (1696 - 1851) 🔴What was it? A property tax imposed according to the number of windows in a house. The more windows a dwelling possessed, the more tax its owner was required to pay 🔴Absurdity: Light and fresh air became taxable commodities. In order to avoid the charge, many householders simply bricked up their windows, leaving homes darker and less ventilated (that was absolutely unhealthy) 🔴What happened if they did not pay? People faced fines and legal penalties. Many preferred to alter their houses rather than continue paying the tax 🎩The Hat Tax (1784 - 1811) 🔴What was it? Aimed at taxing the wealthy who could afford expensive headwear, hat makers were required to purchase licenses, and a stamp had to be sewn into every hat. 🔴Absurdity: Taxed hats had to bear an official revenue stamp. Counterfeiting a hat-tax stamp was treated as a serious crime 🔴What happened if they did not pay? In certain circumstances, people would be punished by death 🤩 Newspaper Tax or "The Tax on Knowledge" (1712–1855) 🔴What was it? A series of taxes imposed upon newspapers, advertisements, and printed publications. Officially intended to raise revenue, it also had the effect of limiting the circulation of news among the general population 🔴Absurdity: Knowledge itself became a taxable commodity. The more information a publication contained, the more expensive it often became for ordinary readers to obtain 🔴What happened if they did not pay? Publishers paid duties on newspapers and advertisements, costs which were ultimately passed on to readers through higher prices. If they didn't pay, then newspapers could be seized, publishers prosecuted, and printers fined for distributing unstamped publications ❗️In fact, its repeal encouraged the growth of cheap newspapers, making knowledge and news accessible to a much wider public 🤩🤩🤩🤩🤩🤩🤩🤩 Another unique taxes: Hearth Tax Brick Tax Wallpaper Tax Glass Tax Soap Tax Hair Powder Tax Dog Tax Male Servant Tax and others... 🤩🤩🤩🤩🤩🤩🤩🤩🤩  #historystory

RP 🌟 n NY 🌟

After a brief rest of mine, the morning assumed quite a working mood It began with my attempting to explain certain patterns of British pronunciation to a friend which entailed some questions I asked GPT what it thought of my own accent and requested that it analyse the following: 💜 What age/era does my accent resemble? 💜 What precise region of the UK might I be from? 💜 What social class do I sound akin to? A further request proved somewhat less informative, though still useful: 💜 Provide a detailed analysis of my grammar and pronunciation; indicate wherein my speech acquires its most imposing mistakes 🟰 Why do I mention all this? At present I am working more diligently upon my grammar and pronunciation [at least I try] therefore my posts concerning culture and linguistics may appear somewhat later... 🟰 You can try your GPT and discover what it makes of your accent Important: use the voice GPT 🟰 Bonus of our communication was a discussion concerning historical developments and their influence upon dialects, accents, and the labouring classes of Great Britain With whom else might I discuss such things? :) Only ask for facts in the critique, it shan't afraid of speaking the truth 💜💜 I also tried my "Yorkshire accent" and GPT acclaimed it , ha-ha, what a rigmarole, though still funny 🤩🤩🤩 Difference between North Yorkshire acc and RP 50s is enormous: RP: 💜"R" — soft [caarh, haard [Для рашн спикинг пояснение отдельное: представьте вы оправдываетесь перед кем-то и они вам говорят: даАаАаАА а что ж ты тогда не сделал....вот это вот ДааААаАаА по интонации схоже с тем что я имею в виду] 💜"T" — clear [better, water] 💜Vowels — prolonged [baath, advaannce] + consonants with prolonged sound / focus em 💜Intonation "up-down" without glottal stop; bearing some pauses in it NY: 🔸Flat sounds / short vowels often hearable ["One" turns into "uune" or "wun; "uune" is hearable near Cambria] 🔸"U" vowel sounds strong as in russian "y" [book, look] 🔸"T' definite article reduction [the - t; the pub - t' pub] 🔸More clipped and rhythmic cadence (intonation) [stoccato sound] ➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖ Check the videos below, thank you ! [Both recorded around 60s] #pronunciation 💜💜💜💜Yes I can speak modern but my heart is belong to old timey #accents