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🔆 Nationwide Survey to Map India’s Manuscript Heritage 📍 What is a Manuscript? ✅ A handwritten composition on paper, palm leaf, bark, cloth, metal etc. ✅ Must be at least 75 years old and have scientific / historical / aesthetic value. 📍 Objective of the Survey ✅ Identify manuscripts across India. ✅ Create a national digital repository on the ‘Gyan Bharatam Mission (GBM)’ portal. 📍 Significance of Mapping Manuscripts ✅ Cultural Revitalisation • Preserves cultural & linguistic diversity and strengthens India’s global cultural connect. • Example: Gilgit Manuscripts (among the oldest Indian manuscripts) support Buddhist diplomacy with East Asia. ✅ Revival of Indian Knowledge Systems • Manuscripts contain indigenous knowledge on Ayurveda, Yoga, astronomy, mathematics etc. • Example: Bakhshali Manuscript (3rd–4th century CE) → earliest reference to concept of zero. ✅ Prevent Intellectual Piracy & Smuggling • Proper documentation helps protect traditional knowledge and curb illegal export. 📍 About Gyan Bharatam Mission (GBM) ✅ Ministry: Ministry of Culture ✅ Type: Central Sector Scheme ✅ Origin: Restructured version of National Mission for Manuscripts (2003) ✅ Five Pillars • Mapping & recording manuscripts • Conservation • Digitisation & protection • Decoding ancient texts • Study & knowledge dissemination 📍 Other Initiatives for Manuscript Preservation ✅ Gyan-Setu (AI Innovation Challenge) • Encourages startups & students to use AI for manuscript digitisation. ✅ Antiquities and Art Treasures Act, 1972 • Prohibits export of manuscripts older than 75 years (except by Central Govt). ✅ International Collaboration • Inclusion of Indian documentary heritage in UNESCO Memory of the World Register (e.g., manuscripts of Bhagavad Gita, Natyashastra). #prelims #art_and_culture #currentaffairs@ExamIAS2023 #art_and_culture@ExamIAS2023

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