Upsc prelims

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🔆 Mount Girnar 📍 Why in News? ✅ The Gujarat Forest Department will deploy 25 trackers in the Mount Girnar region following a fatal lion attack on a 12-year-old pilgrim ✅ The move aims to strengthen wildlife monitoring and human–wildlife conflict management 🔆 About Mount Girnar 📍 Location & Geography ✅ Located in Junagadh district, Gujarat, in the Saurashtra region ✅ Also known as Revatak Parvata ✅ Part of the Girnar Wildlife Sanctuary ✅ A major igneous plutonic complex, formed during the Deccan Trap period 🔆 Religious Significance 📍 Jainism ✅ Associated with Neminath, the 22nd Tirthankara, who is believed to have attained Moksha here ✅ The 12th-century Neminath Temple is among the oldest and largest Jain temples on Girnar 📍 Hinduism ✅ Amba Mata Temple – traditionally visited by newly-weds seeking blessings for a happy married life ✅ Other important shrines include Gorakhnath, Dattatraya and Kalika ✅ Gorakhnath Peak – 1,117 m, the highest point in Gujarat, is associated with the Gorakhnath Temple 📍 Historical Reference ✅ The Chinese traveller Xuanzang (Hsuan-tsang) mentioned Girnar in the 7th century, referring to it as a place associated with “supernatural monks” 🔆 Important Inscriptions at Girnar 📍 Ashoka’s Major Rock Edicts ✅ Date to around 250 BCE ✅ Written in Prakrit/Pali using the Brahmi script ✅ Emphasise non-violence, religious tolerance, animal welfare and public welfare 📍 Rudradaman I Inscription ✅ Date – around 150 CE ✅ Written in Sanskrit ✅ Records the repair and restoration of Sudarshana Lake ✅ An important example of early Sanskrit epigraphic tradition 📍 Skandagupta Inscription ✅ Date – around 450 CE ✅ Written in Sanskrit ✅ Records the renovation of Sudarshana Lake by Chakrapalita, son of Gupta governor Parnadatta ✅ Also mentions the construction of a Vishnu temple on Urjayat (Girnar) hill 🔆 Prelims Quick Recall ✅ Girnar → Junagadh, Gujarat → Saurashtra ✅ Ancient name → Revatak Parvata ✅ Highest peak → Gorakhnath Peak (1,117 m) ✅ Jain association → Neminath, 22nd Tirthankara ✅ Ashoka → Major Rock Edicts → Brahmi ✅ Rudradaman I → Sanskrit inscription → Sudarshana Lake ✅ Skandagupta → Sudarshana Lake renovation #prelims #art_and_culture https://t.me/Studytoday1 https://t.me/upsc_art_and_culture

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🔆 Konark Sun Temple 📍 Context ✅ Recently, the Archaeological Survey of India prohibited tourists from entering the ‘Nata Mandap’ of the Konark Sun Temple. 📍 Location ✅ Situated on the coastline in Puri district. ✅ It is a 13th-century temple dedicated to Surya and is also called Surya Devalaya. ✅ European sailors referred to it as the “Black Pagoda”. 📍 Builder ✅ Constructed around 1250 CE by Narasimhadeva I of the Eastern Ganga dynasty. 📍 Architectural Features ✅ Built in the Kalinga style of architecture. ✅ Originally more than 200 feet high, though much of the main shikhara is now in ruins. ✅ Constructed using three kinds of stones: ➡️ Laterite ➡️ Khondalite ➡️ Chlorite ✅ Designed as a gigantic stone chariot of the Sun God with: ➡️ 24 elaborately carved wheels ➡️ 7 horses ✅ The 24 wheels also function as sundials. ✅ The temple is oriented eastward so that the first rays of the rising sun fall on the main entrance. 📍 Recognition ✅ Declared a Konark Sun Temple UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1984. 📍 Protection ✅ Protected as an “ancient monument of national importance” under the Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Sites and Remains Act. #prelims #art_and_culture https://t.me/Studytoday1 https://t.me/upsc_art_and_culture

🔆 India’s First Branded Train – ‘Sprite’ Tejas Express ✅ IRCTC’s Lucknow–Delhi–Lucknow Tejas Express will run as ‘Sprite’ Tejas Express for 6 months through train-branding rights. ✅ It is India’s first train to be named after a brand. ✅ The train is operated by IRCTC, while it pays Indian Railways hauling charges for using railway infrastructure. ✅ Features include AC coaches, onboard food & beverages, infotainment and group booking facilities. #CurrentAffairs

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Honorable PM Sir's Independence Day Speech Keywords: 1. Fragile Five Economy (I heard this for the first time!) 2. Digital Census 3. Fortune 500 Vision (India should have 50 companies) 4. New Semiconductor Plants (5–7 plants) 5. The same Nuclear Aim of 100 GW by 2047 and those 5 SMRs (Small Modular Reactors) 6. 100% Rail Electrification 7. Mention of Nari Shakti Vandan 8. 150 Years of Vande Mataram 9. Most Important and Unique: 10. Road to Olympics 2036 (Har Ghar Talent Campaign for ages 5–15) 11. PM Surya Ghar Muft Bijlee Yojana 12. "No-Go Area" to "Go-Ahead Area" 13. Critical Mineral Corridor 14. Samudra Manthan 15. Nagarik Devo Bhava (New) 16. 1st Private Space Start-up 17. Shrimp Export 18. Weaponisation of Resources The rest, like AI Skilling, Viksit Bharat, Atmanirbhar Bharat, and Naxal-free India, are common. #mains Join https://t.me/CSE_EXAM

Indian economy part 1 RBI Schedule & non schedule bank Non banking financial institutions NBFIs Differentiated banks - SFBs & payment Bank BAD BANK NPA https://www.instagram.com/reel/DcDF3c4oWaT/

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🔆 Kuril Islands 📍 Why in News? ✅ Japan protested Russia’s presidential visit to the Kuril Islands, highlighting the long-standing territorial dispute between the two countries. 🔆 About Kuril Islands 📍 Location ✅ An archipelago located between Russia’s Kamchatka Peninsula and Japan’s Hokkaido ✅ Separates the Pacific Ocean to the east from the Sea of Okhotsk to the west ✅ Extends in an arc across the Northwestern Pacific Ocean 📍 Key Facts ✅ Comprises around 22 major islands, 36 smaller islets and several rocks ✅ Covers approximately 15,600 sq. km ✅ The islands are largely under Russian administration 🔆 Geological Significance ✅ Part of the Pacific Ring of Fire, making the region highly prone to earthquakes and volcanic eruptions ✅ Many islands are formed by stratovolcanoes ✅ Their formation is associated with subduction, where one tectonic plate descends beneath another ✅ The same tectonic process contributed to the formation of the Kuril Trench, a deep oceanic trench along the Pacific side of the island arc 🔆 Territorial Dispute 📍 Russia–Japan ✅ Japan disputes Russian control over the four southernmost islands — Etorofu (Iturup), Kunashiri (Kunashir), Shikotan and the Habomai Islands ✅ Japan refers to these as the Northern Territories ✅ The dispute has complicated the conclusion of a formal Russia–Japan peace treaty since World War II 📍 Prelims Quick Recall ✅ Kuril Islands → Russia & Japan dispute ✅ Between → Kamchatka Peninsula & Hokkaido ✅ East → Pacific Ocean | West → Sea of Okhotsk ✅ Geological setting → Pacific Ring of Fire ✅ Major feature → Kuril Trench #places_in_news Join https://t.me/Mapping_prelims_mains

🔆 Parichha Weir – ICID Heritage Recognition 📍 Why in News? ✅ The 140-year-old Parichha Weir in Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh has been recognised as a World Heritage Irrigation Structure (WHIS) under the International Commission on Irrigation and Drainage (ICID) ✅ The recognition will be formally presented in France in October during the 26th ICID International Congress and 77th International Executive Council meeting 🔆 About Parichha Weir 📍 Key Facts ✅ Built in 1886 across the Betwa River in Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh ✅ The project traces its origins to 1855, when Captain Strachey proposed a canal system for Bundelkhand ✅ Constructed using solid rubble-stone masonry ✅ The structure consists of two sections with an island between them ✅ Serves as the headworks of the Betwa Canal System 📍 Betwa Canal System ✅ An extensive irrigation network developed to provide water to the drought-prone Bundelkhand region ✅ Demonstrates the role of historical irrigation infrastructure in supporting agriculture and water management 🔆 World Heritage Irrigation Structure (WHIS) ✅ WHIS recognises irrigation structures that are generally more than 100 years old and continue to serve their original purpose ✅ Awarded under the International Commission on Irrigation and Drainage (ICID) ✅ Sukwa-Dukwan Weir, also in Jhansi, was included in the ICID heritage list in 2022 🔆 International Commission on Irrigation and Drainage (ICID) ✅ Established in 1950 ✅ A global scientific, technical and professional not-for-profit organisation ✅ Works in irrigation, drainage and flood management ✅ Promotes sustainable agricultural water management 🔆 Betwa River – Mapping ✅ Length – Approximately 590 km ✅ Origin – Vindhya Range, Raisen district, Madhya Pradesh ✅ Flows through Madhya Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh ✅ A major right-bank tributary of the Yamuna ✅ Meets the Yamuna near Hamirpur, Uttar Pradesh 🔆 Prelims Quick Recall ✅ Parichha Weir → Betwa River → Jhansi → Uttar Pradesh ✅ Built → 1886 ✅ WHIS → ICID ✅ Sukwa-Dukwan Weir → Jhansi → 2022 ✅ Betwa → Right-bank tributary of Yamuna #prelims #art_and_culture https://t.me/Studytoday1 https://t.me/upsc_art_and_culture

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