Upsc Science and technology

Left 70 days 72th BPSC Prelims daily MCQ CLICK HERE TO ATTEMPT

Honorable PM Sir's Independence Day Speech Keywords: 1. Fragile Five Economy (I heard this for the first time!) 2. Digital Census 3. Fortune 500 Vision (India should have 50 companies) 4. New Semiconductor Plants (5–7 plants) 5. The same Nuclear Aim of 100 GW by 2047 and those 5 SMRs (Small Modular Reactors) 6. 100% Rail Electrification 7. Mention of Nari Shakti Vandan 8. 150 Years of Vande Mataram 9. Most Important and Unique: 10. Road to Olympics 2036 (Har Ghar Talent Campaign for ages 5–15) 11. PM Surya Ghar Muft Bijlee Yojana 12. "No-Go Area" to "Go-Ahead Area" 13. Critical Mineral Corridor 14. Samudra Manthan 15. Nagarik Devo Bhava (New) 16. 1st Private Space Start-up 17. Shrimp Export 18. Weaponisation of Resources The rest, like AI Skilling, Viksit Bharat, Atmanirbhar Bharat, and Naxal-free India, are common. #mains Join https://t.me/CSE_EXAM

Indian economy part 1 RBI Schedule & non schedule bank Non banking financial institutions NBFIs Differentiated banks - SFBs & payment Bank BAD BANK NPA https://www.instagram.com/reel/DcDF3c4oWaT/

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🔆 STRENGTHENING INDIA’S SPACE SOVEREIGNTY 📍 INDIA’S SPACE ECOSYSTEM ✅ Registered space start-ups rose from 1 in 2014 to ~440 in 2026. ✅ India’s space economy is valued at $9 billion and projected to reach $40–45 billion over the next decade. ✅ Private investment increased nearly 6 times, from $100.5 million (2021–22) to $618.5 million (March 2026). ✅ 113 authorisations have been granted to 52 Non-Government Entities by mid-2026. 📍 KEY REFORMS ✅ 2020: Space sector opened to private participation. ✅ Indian Space Policy 2023: Expanded private participation across the space value chain. ✅ IN-SPACe: Single-window mechanism for private space activities. ✅ NSIL: ISRO’s commercial arm; revenue rose to ₹3,000+ crore in FY 2024–25. ✅ FDI reforms (2024): Up to 74% automatic FDI in satellite manufacturing/operations; 49% in launch vehicles/spaceports; 100% in satellite and ground-segment components. ✅ ₹1,000 crore Venture Capital Fund and ₹500 crore Technology Adoption Fund support the private ecosystem. 📍 SPACE CAPABILITIES ✅ PSLV, GSLV, LVM3 and SSLV are operational indigenous launch vehicles. ✅ Foreign satellite launches increased from 35 before 2014 to 399 by January 2026. ✅ Chandrayaan-3 (2023): India became the first country to soft-land near the lunar South Pole. ✅ SPADEX (2025): India became the 4th country to demonstrate autonomous space docking and undocking. ✅ NavIC: Provides positioning, navigation and timing across India and up to 1,500 km beyond its boundary. 📍 WAY AHEAD ✅ Gaganyaan: Crewed mission targeted by 2027. ✅ Bharatiya Antariksh Station: Targeted for operationalisation by 2035. ✅ Chandrayaan-4: Planned lunar sample-return mission. ✅ Venus Orbiter Mission: Targeted for March 2028. ✅ NGLV: Partially reusable launch vehicle using LOX–Methane propulsion. ✅ RLV: Development of reusable space-transport technology. 📍 SIGNIFICANCE ✅ Strengthens strategic autonomy and technological sovereignty. ✅ Promotes private innovation and investment. ✅ Expands India’s commercial space-launch capabilities. ✅ Supports critical applications in navigation, communication, disaster management and national security. ✅ Enhances India’s role in global space cooperation. 🔆 MAINS PRACTICE QUESTION India’s space sector has evolved from a predominantly state-led programme into a broader ecosystem involving private enterprises, start-ups and international partnerships. Examine how recent reforms are strengthening India’s space sovereignty and identify the key challenges that remain. (15 Marks · 250 Words) #GS3 #prelims #science_technology #science_and_technology Join https://t.me/PIB_UPSC https://t.me/upsc_science_and_technology

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72nd BPSC Prelims 25th October Join daily 40+ MCQ https://t.me/bpsc_exam_prep/16539

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