Environment & Ecology UPSC prelims mains

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🔆 Great Nicobar Island (GNI) Project: Tribal Concerns 📍 Why in News? ✅ The Tribal Council of Great and Little Nicobar has raised concerns that the ₹91,000 crore Great Nicobar Island Project may overlook the interests of the Shompen, a Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Group (PVTG). 📍 Key Concerns ✅ Shompen — a hunter-gatherer community with fewer than 300 members — may face disruption from the project. ✅ The Council alleges that its concerns raised during a July 16 meeting were not adequately reflected in subsequent administrative directions. ✅ It has demanded relocation to ancestral villages along the west coast of Great Nicobar. ✅ Questions have also been raised over consent regarding the notification of wildlife reserves in the Nicobar Islands. 📍 Government Position ✅ The Environment Ministry has stated that GNI infrastructure will not disturb or displace the Shompen people. ✅ The administration has proposed a settlement for the Shompen as part of the project. 📍 Ethical & Governance Dimension ✅ Development in ecologically and culturally sensitive areas must balance infrastructure needs with tribal rights, informed participation and environmental protection. ✅ For PVTGs, preserving traditional livelihoods and cultural autonomy is particularly important. ✍️ MAINS PRACTICE QUESTION Development projects in tribal and ecologically sensitive regions must balance economic objectives with indigenous rights and environmental sustainability. Discuss in the context of the Great Nicobar Island Project. (10 marks · 150 words) #Environment

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