OPHTHALMOLOGY HUBs

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144.explanation Correct Answer - A Ans. is 'a' i.e., Superotemporal. Join @OPHTHALMOLOGYhubs

144. Lens dislocation in marfans syndrome is

143.explanation Correct Answer - A Ans. is 'a' i.e., Ophthalmoscopy The procedure of determining and correcting refractive errors is termed as refraction. The refraction comprises two complementary methods : A) Objective methods : Objective methods of refraction include :- (i) Retinoscopy, (ii) Refractometry, (iii) Keratometry. B) Subjective methods : These are :- (i) Subjective verification of refraction, (ii) Subjective refining of refraction, (iii) Subjective binocular balancing. Join @OPHTHALMOLOGYhubs

143. Objective methods for checking the refractive error are all except

142.explanation Correct Answer - A Ans. is 'a' i.e., Zeis. Join @OPHTHALMOLOGYhubs

142. Stye is suppurative inflammation of glands of ?

141.explanation Correct Answer - A Ans. is 'a' i.e., Central 10 degress of vision. *Metamorphopsia is a phenomenon wherein the patient perceives objects to have an altered, irregular contour or shape. For example, graph paper lines may be bent or obscured in areas. This can be reviewed for any changes over time using an Amsler grid, which tests the central 10° of vision. It is associated with diseases affecting the macula such as central serous choroidopathy, age- related macular degeneration, diabetic macular oedema and macular hole. Join @OPHTHALMOLOGYhubs

141. Amsler's grid is used to evaluate ?

140.explanation Correct Answer - D Ans. is 'd' i.e., Oral acetazolamide *Treatment of POAG (Primary open angle glaucoma). Following treatment options are available for POAG : Medical therapy :- Total medical therapy is the treatment of choice for POAG. Topical 13-blockers (Timolol, Betoxalol, Levobunolol,carteolol) are the drugs of choice. Topical prostaglandin analogues (Latanoprost, bimatoprost, travoprost) are the second choice drugs. Other topical drugs for POAG are:- LI Alpha agonists (non - selective: epinephrine, dipivefrine; and Selective - a2 : apraclonidine, brimonidine) Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (Dorzalamide, brinzolamide) Cholinomimetic drugs (Pilocarpine, physostigmine, echothiophate,carbachol) Pilocarpine has several drawbacks, therefore, is being considered as an adjunctive therapy only as a last resort. ••Approach to treatment of POAG *Start monotherapy with topical P-blocker or latanoprost. *If target IOT is not attained either change over to the alternative drug or use both the above concurrently. *Brimonidine/dorazolamide/dipivefrine are used only when there arecontraindications to PG analogues or 13-blockers. *Topical miotics and oral acetazolamide are added only as the last resort. *Systemic therapy is considered only as a last resort. Drugs used for systemic therapy are :- (i) Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide, methazolamide), (ii) Hyperosmotic agents (mannitol, glycerol). Join @OPHTHALMOLOGYhubs

140. Drug kept as a last resort in the management of primary open angle glaucoma is ?

139.explanation Correct Answer - A Ans. is 'a' i.e., Specular microscope *Corneal endothelium is examined with specular microscope, which allows a clear morphological study of endothelial cells including photographic documentation. *The cell density of endothelium is around 3000 cells/mm2 in young adults, which decreases with advancing age. Join @OPHTHALMOLOGYhubs

139. Corneal endothelial cell count is measured by ?

138.explanation Correct Answer - B Ans. is 'b' i.e., It is mediated by occulomotor and vagus nerve Oculocardiac reflex. *Oculocardiac reflex, is also known as Aschner phenomenon, Aschner reflex, or Aschner-Dagnini reflex, o It is characterized by decrease in pulse rate (bradycardia) associated with traction applied to extraocular muscles and/or compression of the eyeball. *The reflex is mediated by nerve connections between the ophthalmic branch of the trigeminal cranial nerve via the ciliary ganglion, and the vagus nerve of the parasympathetic nervous system. *This reflex is especially sensitive in neonates and children, particularly during strabismus correction surgery. However, this reflex may also occur with adults. *Bradycardia, junctional rhythm and asystole, all of which may be life-threatening,can be induced through this reflex. Join @OPHTHALMOLOGYhubs

138. Following is true about oculocardiac reflex except ?